This prestigious honour underscores Mr. Alkali’s dedication to revitalizing Nigeria’s North East, a region profoundly impacted by insurgency and underdevelopment. It also highlights the NEDC’s critical role in reconstruction and sustainable development.

Mr. Alkali’s career is marked by excellence and service. He earned a first-class honours degree in Accounting from Bayero University, Kano, and a Master’s degree in Accounting and Finance from the London School of Economics, University of London. His professional training includes executive programmes at Harvard Business School, Columbia Business School, and the Booth School of Business at the University of Chicago.

Before leading the NEDC, Mr. Alkali served as the Executive Director of Operations at the Bank of Industry (BoI). His extensive background in banking and development finance provided a strong foundation for his role in steering the NEDC towards its mission of rebuilding and revitalizing the North East.

Established in 2017, the NEDC was created to tackle the challenges facing Nigeria’s North East, including the aftermath of insurgency and infrastructural decay. The commission focuses on resettlement and rehabilitation, infrastructure reconstruction, poverty alleviation, education, environmental restoration, and healthcare improvement.

Under Mr. Alkali’s leadership, the NEDC has made significant progress in several key areas:

Education

Recognizing education as a pillar of sustainable development, the NEDC has launched transformative initiatives:

• Mega Basic Schools Construction: Eight Mega Basic Schools were built, each featuring 16 classrooms, six laboratories, and hostels for 480 students, significantly improving access to quality education.
• Classroom Rehabilitation in Yobe State: Over 200 classroom blocks were constructed across 20 schools, enhancing learning conditions.
• Education Endowment Fund: A ₦6 billion Education Endowment Fund was launched to strengthen the educational sector. It has supported over 20,000 individuals through scholarships, infrastructure development, and learning materials.

Infrastructure Development

Rebuilding infrastructure is crucial for economic recovery and social cohesion. The NEDC’s efforts include:

• Road Rehabilitation: 178 kilometers of roads and three bridges were reconstructed across Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states, improving connectivity and commerce.
• Public Buildings Restoration: More than 105,000 people, nearly half of them women, have benefited from rehabilitated roads, hospitals, schools, and water sanitation facilities.
• Housing Projects: The commission has rebuilt housing units to provide safe and dignified shelter for displaced families.

Healthcare Initiatives

The NEDC has addressed critical healthcare needs by:

• Conducting over 1,000 minor and cataract surgeries, restoring sight and improving lives.
• Constructing and rehabilitating primary healthcare centres to ensure wider access to essential medical services.

Agricultural Support

Agriculture remains a vital sector in the region’s economy. To support farmers, the NEDC has distributed agricultural machinery, equipment, and fertilizers. These efforts boost food production and economic stability.

Humanitarian Assistance

To alleviate the humanitarian crisis, the NEDC has distributed essential supplies, including:

• Food items such as rice, spaghetti, and vegetable oil.
• Non-food items like clothing, mosquito nets, hygiene kits, blankets, and mattresses.

Strategic Planning: The North-East Stabilization and Development Master Plan (NESDMP)

To ensure a structured and effective approach to rebuilding, the NEDC developed the North-East Stabilization and Development Master Plan (NESDMP). This comprehensive strategy outlines the Institutional Enterprise Strategy, regional vision, and implementation framework for long-term stability and development.

Collaborations and Recognitions

The NEDC’s achievements have garnered national and international recognition:

• United Nations Support: The UN and its partners have acknowledged the commission’s role in recovery and peacebuilding, particularly in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe states.
• Civil Society Endorsements: Groups such as the Coalition of Civil Society Organisations in Nigeria (COCSON) have commended the NEDC’s leadership for its impact on regional development.

Recognition and Impact

The African Leadership Administrative Excellence Award affirms Mr. Alkali’s strategic vision and tireless efforts in driving transformational initiatives. His leadership has restored hope and empowered communities affected by conflict. This recognition places him among Africa’s top change-makers and further validates the NEDC’s role as a catalyst for positive change.

Mohammed Goni Alkali’s leadership is a model of resilience, vision, and impactful governance. Through initiatives in education, healthcare, agriculture, infrastructure, and humanitarian assistance, the NEDC has made remarkable progress under his guidance. The African Leadership Administrative Excellence Award is a well-earned testament to these efforts, highlighting a governance model that delivers tangible results and inspires hope for a brighter future.

The post The Transformative Impact of the NEDC Under Mohammed Goni Alkali appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Faith-based organisations collectively manage assets worth trillions of dollars worldwide. The Vatican, for instance, controls an extensive financial network spanning real estate, investments, and humanitarian projects, making it one of the most economically powerful religious entities. Similarly, in the United States, megachurches generate billions annually, contributing to local economies through job creation and social initiatives. In Africa, where faith plays a pivotal role in daily life, the economic and social footprint of churches is substantial.

READ ALSO: The Exemplary Philanthropy of Living Faith Church Over the Years

The Growth of Christianity in Africa

Africa is home to some of the fastest-growing Christian populations globally. According to a 2023 report by the Pew Research Center, the continent accounts for over 650 million Christians, making it one of the most devout regions in the world. This rapid expansion has led to the proliferation of churches, with estimates suggesting that there are over 1.2 million churches across the continent. These institutions collectively manage assets valued at hundreds of billions of dollars, including real estate, educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and financial enterprises.

In 2020, Christians accounted for around 60% of the Sub-Saharan African population, followed by Muslims at roughly 30%. In absolute terms, there were approximately 650 million Christians in the region, a number projected to exceed one billion by 2050. Meanwhile, Islam is most prevalent in North Africa, where over 90% of the population in countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, and Libya identify as Muslim.

According to Statista, in 2024, Ethiopia had the largest Christian population in Africa, with around 77.5 million people identifying as Christian. Nigeria followed closely, with 74.4 million Christians. Christianity has a deep-rooted presence on the continent, dating back to the fourth century in Ethiopia. Today, it has spread across Africa in various denominations, including the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Church, and the Pentecostal and Charismatic movements.

Economic Influence of African Churches

In Nigeria, some of the largest churches, such as the Redeemed Christian Church of God (RCCG) and Winners’ Chapel, own vast networks of schools, universities, and businesses. These institutions employ thousands of people, significantly contributing to local and national economies. A study published in the African Journal of Business Management in 2022 estimated that Nigeria’s religious economy, primarily driven by Christian churches, generates over $50 billion annually. Similarly, in South Africa, churches own and operate banks, insurance firms, and agricultural enterprises that support rural development and job creation.

According to Tithely’s 2023 State of Giving report, about one-third of all churches globally require between $100,000 and $259,000 annually to operate. Only 18% need over $500,000, while around 15% operate on budgets below $50,000. While financial capacities vary depending on church size and demographics, most churches generate between $100,000 and $1 million annually.

Transforming Communities Through Social Initiatives

Beyond their economic contributions, African churches play an indispensable role in social development. Many churches have established educational institutions that provide affordable, and in some cases free, education to underprivileged children. The Catholic Church alone operates more than 10,000 schools across Africa, catering to millions of students who might otherwise be deprived of formal education.

Healthcare is another sector where churches are making significant inroads. Faith-based hospitals and clinics account for nearly 40% of healthcare services in some African countries. In Kenya, the Redeemed Gospel Church (RGC) has been actively involved in community healthcare, addressing maternal and child health issues. Meanwhile, in Uganda, the Anglican Church operates a network of hospitals that provide crucial medical services, particularly in rural areas where government infrastructure is lacking.

Addressing Poverty and Economic Empowerment

One of the most striking examples of churches’ economic influence is their role in poverty alleviation. Many churches run microfinance schemes that provide small loans to entrepreneurs who lack access to traditional banking services. These initiatives have helped lift thousands out of poverty by enabling small-scale businesses to thrive.

For instance, the Deeper Life Bible Church in Nigeria operates an economic empowerment programme that provides interest-free loans to women engaged in small businesses. Similarly, churches in Ghana have partnered with international development agencies to fund vocational training programmes, equipping young people with skills in fields such as carpentry, tailoring, and digital technology.

Challenges and Criticism

While the role of churches in Africa’s socio-economic development is commendable, concerns remain regarding financial transparency and accountability. Some critics argue that certain churches amass vast wealth without clear reinvestment into their communities. Cases of financial mismanagement and the extravagant lifestyles of some church leaders have sparked debates about the true economic intent of religious organisations.

Moreover, taxation is a contentious issue. Unlike businesses, many churches operate under tax-exempt status, raising questions about whether they should contribute more directly to national economies. In countries such as Kenya and South Africa, governments have introduced measures to regulate church finances, ensuring they align with developmental goals rather than purely commercial interests.

The Future of Church-Led Development in Africa

Despite these concerns, the trajectory of church-led development in Africa remains promising. As African governments seek sustainable economic growth solutions, religious institutions will likely remain essential partners. Future collaborations between churches and policymakers could lead to more structured development programmes, ensuring that faith-based contributions align with national agendas.

Additionally, the increasing use of technology in church operations presents new opportunities. Digital tithing and crowdfunding platforms have enabled churches to raise funds for large-scale projects, while social media has expanded outreach for humanitarian initiatives.

African churches are not merely spiritual entities; they are formidable economic and social forces driving change across the continent. By leveraging their influence, resources, and community networks, they continue to shape Africa’s development landscape. Whether through education, healthcare, economic empowerment, or social welfare programmes, churches play an indispensable role in Africa’s journey toward prosperity. The challenge ahead is ensuring that this influence remains transparent, accountable, and genuinely geared towards the betterment of society.

The post Are African Churches Really Driving Social and Economic Change? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

According to the World Bank, disputes over land access and control frequently escalate into violence and conflict, leading to dispossession and forced displacement within and across borders. Estimates suggest that 56% of global conflicts are related to land, with the majority occurring in developing countries. By the end of 2015, 95% of the 65 million refugees and internally displaced people worldwide were living in developing regions.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Real Estate Boom: Transforming Urban Landscapes and Global Standing

A Global Perspective on Land Ownership and Development

The debate over land ownership and development is not new. From the Americas to Asia, history reveals numerous instances where indigenous landowners have been displaced in the name of modernisation. In the United States, the principle of eminent domain has been applied since the 19th century to acquire land for public use, often at the expense of Native American tribes. Reports indicate that between 1887 and 1934, over 90 million acres of Native American land were lost under policies such as the Dawes Act.

In India, infrastructure expansion has frequently come at the cost of agrarian communities. According to Land Conflict Watch, over 2.1 million people in India have been affected by disputes linked to development projects, with large-scale displacements resulting from coal mining, highway expansions, and urbanisation. Similarly, in Brazil, industrial farming has driven Amazonian deforestation, impacting indigenous territories that account for nearly 13% of the country’s land.

Meanwhile, China has pursued aggressive urbanisation policies. Since 2000, approximately 50,000 villages have been urbanised, displacing millions in the name of economic expansion. While this has contributed to GDP growth, it has also fuelled social unrest, as seen in the 2011 Wukan protests, where villagers revolted against government land seizures.

Africa at the Crossroads: Ancestral Claims vs. Economic Imperatives

In Africa, land remains a deeply political and economic asset. Over 60% of the continent’s population relies on agriculture, yet increasing portions of land are being allocated to large-scale infrastructure projects, foreign direct investments, and extractive industries. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 recognises land as central to sustainable development but struggles to balance land ownership rights with economic growth.

Approximately 90% of Africa’s land is informally held under customary tenure systems. Countries such as Ghana, Nigeria, and Kenya operate dual land tenure systems, where formal government control coexists with indigenous land ownership. According to the World Bank, over 70% of sub-Saharan Africa’s land remains undocumented, making it vulnerable to disputes and state acquisition. For example, the Tanzanian government faced international backlash when it attempted to repurpose 1,500 square kilometres of Maasai land for wildlife conservation, displacing thousands of indigenous inhabitants.

Foreign Direct Investments and Land Grabs

Africa has seen a surge in foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in agriculture and mining. Between 2000 and 2020, an estimated 50 million hectares of African land were acquired by foreign entities—a phenomenon often described as “land grabs.” The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) alone allocated over 9 million hectares to palm oil and biofuel companies, frequently without clear compensation for local communities. Reports from the Oakland Institute indicate that in Ethiopia, vast tracts of land have been leased to foreign agribusinesses, displacing small-scale farmers in the Gambella region.

Infrastructure Boom vs. Displacement

The drive for mega-infrastructure projects, particularly in East and West Africa, has intensified land-related conflicts. Nigeria’s Lekki Free Trade Zone, a flagship economic initiative, has sparked widespread protests, with local communities claiming inadequate compensation for their lands. Similarly, Kenya’s Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia Transport (LAPSSET) corridor has led to legal battles between the government and indigenous communities over land rights.

Legal Frameworks: Are They Sufficient?

Efforts to establish legal safeguards for landowners have yielded mixed results. The African Land Policy Initiative under the African Union seeks to promote fair land governance, yet implementation remains inconsistent. Some countries, like Rwanda, have embarked on large-scale land titling projects, registering over 11 million parcels and reducing disputes by 85%. However, nations such as Zimbabwe and South Africa continue to grapple with the legacy of colonial land dispossession, making redistribution efforts politically charged.

The Path Forward

Can Africa strike a balance between development and land rights without compromising either? One potential solution is the introduction of land value capture mechanisms, ensuring that the benefits of development are shared equitably. Another approach is the adoption of community-inclusive development models, such as Ghana’s community benefit agreements in mining areas. However, if left unregulated, aggressive land acquisitions could exacerbate displacement, deepen inequalities, and fuel social unrest. This is evident in countries such as Sudan, where land-related conflicts contribute to ongoing instability.

Africa’s approach to land ownership and development must navigate a precarious path. While economic progress is essential, it cannot come at the complete expense of indigenous rights. The future depends on transparent legal frameworks, equitable land policies, and inclusive development models. If managed correctly, Africa can achieve both growth and stability, ensuring that land remains a source of empowerment rather than a catalyst for conflict.

The post Land Rights vs. Development: Who Owns Africa’s Future? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Africa’s economic dynamism has made it a pivotal player in the Global South coalition. Recent initiatives, such as South Africa’s presidency of the G20, have positioned the continent as a bridge between emerging markets and established economic powers. The Development Bank of Southern Africa underscores the significance of these efforts, noting that African nations are championing dialogues on sustainable development, climate change, and equitable trade practices.

READ ALSO: Celebrating Dr. Ken Giami: A Visionary Leader Bridging Global South-South Cooperation

Economic Transformation

Africa’s evolution from resource dependency to innovation-led economies symbolises a remarkable paradigm shift. Countries like Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal have become tech hubs, hosting start-ups that address local challenges with global implications. For instance, Kenya’s M-Pesa platform revolutionised financial inclusion, inspiring digital payment systems worldwide. Meanwhile, Nigeria’s fintech industry has attracted over $600 million in investment annually, according to McKinsey & Company.

Agriculture, long the backbone of African economies, is undergoing a renaissance driven by technology. Smart farming techniques and agri-tech innovations have increased productivity and bolstered food security. Rwanda’s efforts to digitise farming practices have resulted in a 25% increase in crop yields since 2020, illustrating how technology can revolutionise traditional sectors.

Infrastructure remains the lifeblood of Africa’s economic growth. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 underscores ambitious projects like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), aimed at integrating a market of 1.4 billion people. The AfCFTA, expected to increase intra-African trade by 52% by 2025, reflects the continent’s commitment to creating a unified economic bloc.

Flagship infrastructure projects, including Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam and Senegal’s Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway, symbolise Africa’s determination to overcome logistical challenges and harness its natural resources effectively. According to the African Development Bank, investments in infrastructure could add up to 2% to Africa’s annual GDP growth by 2030.

Harnessing the Power of Partnerships

Africa’s collaboration with other Global South nations has amplified its voice in international forums. Partnerships with China, India, and Brazil have driven investments in renewable energy, technology, and manufacturing. China alone has committed over $300 billion in infrastructure projects across Africa, while India’s trade with the continent exceeded $90 billion in 2023.

The growing emphasis on South-South cooperation is reshaping the geopolitical landscape, enabling Africa to negotiate better terms for trade and investment. Initiatives like the India-Africa Forum Summit and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation have reinforced this dynamic, fostering mutual growth.

Challenges on the Horizon

While Africa’s ascent is noteworthy, challenges persist. Climate change, political instability, and inadequate access to education and healthcare remain formidable barriers. The continent’s youthful population, while a potential asset, also poses a risk if job creation does not keep pace with demographic growth.

Corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies continue to hinder progress. According to Transparency International, Africa loses an estimated $50 billion annually to illicit financial flows, funds that could otherwise be channelled into development initiatives.

A Vision for 2030 and Beyond

To sustain its momentum, Africa must adopt a multi-faceted approach:

Investing in Education and Skills Development: Empowering its youth with relevant skills can transform Africa’s demographic bulge into a dividend. Initiatives like Rwanda’s coding academies and Nigeria’s tech hubs are steps in the right direction.

Accelerating Green Growth: Africa holds 60% of the world’s solar energy potential. Countries like South Africa and Morocco are already leading the charge with large-scale renewable energy projects. By harnessing this potential, Africa can not only achieve energy security but also lead global efforts in combating climate change.

Strengthening Governance and Transparency: Addressing corruption and fostering institutional reforms are crucial for attracting foreign investment and ensuring equitable distribution of resources.

Africa’s New Dawn

Africa’s journey to becoming the vanguard of the Global South is not just a tale of economic growth but a testament to its resilience, innovation, and ambition. Like the Baobab tree, deeply rooted yet reaching skyward, Africa’s economic renaissance symbolises strength, adaptability, and boundless potential.

As the continent continues to write its growth narrative, it serves as an inspiration for the Global South, proving that sustainable development is not just a goal but an achievable reality. The world is watching as Africa leads the way—not as a follower, but as a trailblazer.

The post Africa’s Economic Growth Leading the Global South appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Justice for Africa is not merely a slogan; it is a call to action that echoed powerfully in Addis Ababa during the 46th Ordinary Session of the Executive Council of the African Union (AU). At the heart of this gathering was a defining message: reparations for Africans and people of African descent are both a moral imperative and an economic necessity. This session on reparative justice highlighted Africa’s enduring colonial scars and the pressing need to address historical and systemic injustices.

Mr. Claver Gatete, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), delivered a compelling address on the structural inequalities that continue to hinder Africa’s economic growth. From the transatlantic slave trade to colonial-era resource extraction, Africa has suffered relentless economic dispossession. Yet, paradoxically, it remains one of the world’s most resource-rich continents. It holds 30% of the world’s mineral reserves, 40% of its gold, and up to 90% of its chromium and platinum. Additionally, 65% of the world’s arable land lies within its borders. Despite these vast resources, Africa accounts for less than 3% of global trade and only 1% of global manufacturing output—an economic imbalance that calls for urgent redress.

The historical context of this economic injustice is deeply rooted in Africa’s past. The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, orchestrated by European powers, led to the arbitrary partitioning of the continent, disregarding existing ethnic and political boundaries. This facilitated a system of forced labour and ruthless exploitation of Africa’s wealth. Under King Leopold II’s rule, for example, an estimated 10 million Congolese perished between 1885 and 1908 due to brutal colonial policies in the Congo Free State.

Similarly, the transatlantic slave trade, spanning the 16th to 19th centuries, forcibly removed millions of Africans from their homeland, stripping the continent of its human capital and leaving a legacy of suffering. The effects of these atrocities persist today in the form of systemic racism and global economic disparities.

The injustice extends beyond historical exploitation. Africa remains significantly under-represented in international financial institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), for instance, allots the entire African continent the same voting share as Germany, despite its 54 sovereign nations. Additionally, biased credit rating systems label most African economies as high-risk, increasing borrowing costs and deepening cycles of debt.

One of the most striking economic paradoxes discussed during the session was Africa’s disproportionate burden in the fight against climate change. Despite contributing the least to global carbon emissions, Africa bears the brunt of climate disasters, losing up to 5% of its GDP to climate-related damages annually. Yet, from the US$10 trillion invested globally in clean energy between 2015 and 2022, Africa received just 2%. This glaring disparity underscores the need for equitable climate financing mechanisms that recognise Africa’s vulnerabilities and provide substantial funding for adaptation and mitigation.

To address these injustices, Mr. Gatete outlined five crucial pathways:

1. Reforming the Global Financial System—Advocating for debt restructuring, fair credit assessments, and greater African representation in global financial decision-making.
2. Harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)—Strengthening intra-African trade, industrialisation, and regional value chains in a market of 1.5 billion people with a combined GDP of over US$3 trillion.
3. Maximising Resource Value Addition—Shifting from raw material exports to local processing industries that create jobs and economic growth for Africans.
4. Engaging the African Diaspora—Mobilising the global African community for economic investment, cultural partnerships, and heritage-based initiatives.
5. Fostering Free Movement and Regional Integration—Implementing the AU Protocol on Free Movement of Persons to unlock economic opportunities and unity.

Justice for Africa is not just about historical reparations—it is about reclaiming economic sovereignty, securing fair access to global markets, and dismantling structures that sustain African dependency. As Africa asserts its rightful place on the world stage, the AU’s commitment to reparative justice serves as both a rallying cry and a strategic blueprint. The time for action is now, and the world must listen.

King Richard Igimoh is an award-winning communication strategist with over two decades of experience in the field. He excels in Diplomacy, Journalism, Economic and International Affairs. As the Group Editor and a key member of the management team at the African Leadership Organisation, he continues to contribute significantly to promoting Africa’s dignity and opportunities globally

The post Africa: A Call for Reparations and Economic Sovereignty appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The Scale of Africa’s Brain Drain

Migration is not inherently a tragedy. Throughout history, humans have moved in search of better opportunities. For Africa, however, brain drain signifies a haemorrhaging of intellectual wealth. The International Organisation for Migration (IOM) estimates that around 20,000 skilled professionals emigrate from Africa each year, leaving critical sectors such as healthcare, education, and technology severely understaffed.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Influence on Global Migration Policies

For instance, Nigeria loses over $2 billion annually due to healthcare professionals seeking better opportunities abroad. Similarly, more than 50% of doctors trained in Ghana work overseas, with many heading to the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States. Across Sub-Saharan Africa, one in four university graduates migrates within five years of completing their education, driven by low wages, political instability, and limited research opportunities.

The allure of the West, symbolised by promises of better pay, career growth, and stability, acts as a powerful magnet. Meanwhile, African countries, burdened by underfunded institutions and stagnant economies, struggle to compete. This imbalance leaves the continent grappling with critical shortages of expertise while enriching foreign economies.

Africa’s Response to Brain Drain

The tide may be turning, however. Recognising the gravity of brain drain, African nations are adopting innovative strategies to reverse this trend. This is not simply about plugging the leaks but about transforming the river itself—creating an environment where talent thrives and circulates within the continent.

One significant step in addressing brain drain is tackling its root cause: lack of opportunity. Countries like Rwanda, once devastated by genocide, are rebranding themselves as hubs for innovation. The Kigali Innovation City, a $2 billion project, serves as a beacon for tech entrepreneurs, attracting both diaspora talent and foreign investors.

Similarly, Ghana’s Year of Return initiative in 2019 encouraged Africans in the diaspora to return home, offering incentives such as tax breaks and dual citizenship. This cultural and economic initiative generated over $1.9 billion in revenue, demonstrating the potential of reconnecting with the diaspora.

Strengthening Education Systems

Africa’s education systems are undergoing reform to retain and nurture local talent. Initiatives like the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sciences, Engineering, and Technology (PASET) aim to bridge the skills gap by providing scholarships and improving tertiary education. Additionally, countries like South Africa are investing heavily in research and development, dedicating 0.8% of their GDP to R&D, with aspirations to meet global standards.

Diaspora Engagement

The African Union (AU) has launched the “Diaspora Division” to harness the expertise of Africans abroad. With an estimated 30 million Africans living outside the continent, their remittances alone contributed $95 billion in 2021, surpassing foreign direct investments. Governments are now creating opportunities for the diaspora to contribute intellectually through knowledge transfer programmes and remote collaborations.

Incentivising Returnees

To attract talent back, African countries are offering enticing packages. Kenya’s Reverse the Brain Drain programme provides financial support, housing, and research grants to returning professionals. Nigeria’s Nigerian Healthcare Excellence Award recognises doctors who choose to practise locally, fostering a sense of pride and belonging.

Innovating for the Future

Africa’s future hinges not just on stemming brain drain but on building ecosystems where innovation thrives. Pan-African collaborations, such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), are creating a unified market that incentivises local entrepreneurship and regional partnerships. This agreement is expected to boost intra-African trade by over 52% by 2030, creating millions of jobs that will retain talent within the continent.

Moreover, digital platforms like Andela, a Nigerian-founded company, are connecting African software developers to global opportunities without necessitating migration. These models retain expertise while enabling Africans to compete on the global stage.

Human Stories: The Faces of Change

The fight against brain drain is more than a statistical journey; it is a narrative shaped by real lives. Consider the story of Dr Amina Bello, a Nigerian scientist who returned home after a decade in Germany. With the support of a government-backed grant, she established a biotech startup in Lagos, employing dozens of young scientists and contributing to research on tropical diseases.

Similarly, South Africa’s Thuli Madonsela, once tempted by offers abroad, chose to remain and serve her nation. As the former Public Protector, her contributions to good governance have become a rallying cry for others to invest in Africa.

Bridging the Gaps

While progress is evident, challenges remain. Political instability, corruption, and inadequate funding continue to drive skilled professionals abroad. For instance, the ongoing conflict in Sudan has displaced hundreds of thousands of professionals, undoing years of progress.

Nonetheless, Africa’s leaders are increasingly prioritising structural reforms. Countries like Botswana and Mauritius consistently rank high in governance and economic freedom, demonstrating that stability and accountability can be achieved.

Africa’s brain drain is a wound that, if left unattended, could fester into a systemic crisis. However, as nations rally to create opportunities, embrace innovation, and engage the diaspora, the tides are shifting. Like a phoenix rising from the ashes, Africa is reclaiming its narrative, crafting a future where talent flows not outward but circulates within—a self-sustaining ecosystem of growth and potential.

The journey is far from over, but with collective effort and unwavering resolve, Africa can transform its brain drain into a brain gain. The world watches, as the cradle of civilisation once again strives to cradle its own destiny.

The post The Great Migration: Addressing Africa’s Brain Drain Crisis appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Africa’s position on the BRICS stage has transformed the continent into a shimmering prize, laden with abundant resources and untapped potential. But Africa is no passive observer; it is an active contender reshaping its narrative. With a population surpassing 1.4 billion, a youthful workforce, and vast natural resources, the continent stands as a key chess piece in the emerging multipolar world order.

“Africa is not just the next frontier; it is the beating heart of the global south’s resurgence,” remarked a Nigerian economist during the 2024 BRICS Summit. This sentiment underscores Africa’s crucial role in driving the bloc’s ambitions to challenge Western hegemony.

BRICS’ decision to expand its membership underscores its ambitions to amplify its global influence. Nations like Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Egypt are eyeing closer ties, seeking to benefit from the bloc’s economic muscle. Yet, expansion brings complexities. As BRICS grows, can it sustain its cohesion?

The bloc resembles a ship; each new member adds weight. Will this vessel sail smoothly into the waters of global transformation, or will its increasing burden slow it down?

China and Russia: The Architects of Influence

China and Russia dominate BRICS as both benefactors and strategists. Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has woven Africa’s infrastructure into its economic framework. Roads in Kenya, railways in Ethiopia, and ports in Djibouti are tangible symbols of this interconnected web. Yet critics caution against hidden debt traps beneath these opportunities.

Russia, too, plays a calculated hand. From security partnerships to arms deals, Moscow aims to win Africa’s trust amidst its confrontation with the West. For African nations, the challenge lies in determining whether these partnerships represent paths to prosperity or potential pitfalls.

Africa’s vast resources, from cobalt in the Congo to oil in Nigeria, are more than commodities—they are strategic assets. The global shift to green energy makes Africa indispensable, with its reserves of lithium and rare earth elements powering renewable ambitions.

But the continent’s leaders must tread carefully. Negotiating with BRICS requires a delicate balance between welcoming investments and safeguarding sovereignty. “We hold the cards, but playing them wisely is the real test,” cautioned an African Union delegate during recent trade talks.

What Africa Might Gain from BRICS

Africa stands to gain significantly from BRICS membership, particularly through access to capital and investment. The bloc’s financial strength, exemplified by the New Development Bank, offers funding for large-scale infrastructure, technology, and industrialisation projects vital for the continent’s development.

Additionally, Africa can benefit from technology transfers and partnerships in renewable energy, agriculture, and manufacturing, boosting local industries and digital infrastructure. Improved trade relations with BRICS nations open vast consumer markets for African exports, from agricultural products to minerals.

Collaboration with BRICS also strengthens Africa’s voice in global governance, offering a platform to advocate for greater representation in decision-making bodies such as the UN Security Council and the World Bank. Furthermore, BRICS’ focus on climate change and renewable energy aligns with Africa’s green energy potential, positioning the continent as a key player in sustainable development.

What Africa Brings to BRICS

Africa’s contributions to BRICS are substantial, starting with its vast reserves of natural resources, including gold, diamonds, oil, and rare earth minerals. These resources are essential for global manufacturing, energy, and technology, benefitting BRICS nations reliant on these supplies.

Africa’s growing population of over 1.4 billion offers a youthful, dynamic workforce poised to drive technological innovation and economic growth. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) fosters regional integration, creating a unified and competitive market that enhances trade and investment opportunities for BRICS.

Geopolitically, Africa’s strategic position and influence help BRICS expand its global reach, diversifying alliances and bolstering the push for a multipolar world order. These contributions not only strengthen BRICS but also enhance its economic and political leverage on the global stage.

A Battle of Giants

BRICS serves as a counterweight to Western-dominated institutions like the IMF and World Bank. For Africa, often sidelined in these global bodies, BRICS presents a promising ally in the push for reforms. The establishment of a BRICS development bank provides alternative funding sources for infrastructure and development.

However, the tug-of-war between the West and BRICS places Africa in a delicate position. Aligning with BRICS could unlock new opportunities but might also risk alienating traditional partners.

Will Africa’s Voice Grow Louder?

The story of Africa in BRICS is one of suspense. Can Africa’s leaders craft a unified strategy to amplify their voice, or will internal divisions weaken their influence on this global stage? As the bloc tackles critical issues such as climate change and digital security, Africa’s participation will undoubtedly shape the outcomes.

BRICS is more than an economic bloc; it is a vision for a new world order. Africa’s involvement offers a unique opportunity to lead rather than follow. From Rwanda’s pioneering energy initiatives to Nigeria’s push for tech-driven growth, African nations have the potential to redefine leadership within BRICS.

This is more than geopolitics, it is the crafting of history. In the grand game of geopolitics, the cards are dealt, but the game is far from over. The question remains: will Africa play its hand boldly or cautiously?. The answer will not lie in boardrooms and summits, but in the hearts and ambitions of a continent ready to rise.

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Agenda 2063 builds on a legacy of visionary African leadership that dates back to the establishment of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. While the OAU laid the groundwork for solidarity and cooperation, its successor, the AU, has taken up the mantle to address contemporary challenges. In this journey, leadership has been pivotal in crafting a forward-looking framework that prioritises economic integration, infrastructure development, and sustainable growth.

READ ALSO: The African Union’s Fight for Peace and Security Across Africa

Agenda 2063 is underpinned by seven aspirations that articulate Africa’s collective ambitions:

1. Prosperity through Inclusive Growth: Economic development that leaves no one behind.
2. Continental Integration: Uniting Africa politically and economically through Pan-African ideals.
3. Good Governance and Rule of Law: Promoting democracy, justice, and human rights.
4. Peace and Security: Eradicating conflict and ensuring safety across the continent.
5. Cultural Identity and Shared Heritage: Celebrating Africa’s diversity and common values.
6. People-Driven Development: Leveraging the potential of Africa’s youth and women.
7. A Global Player: Positioning Africa as a strong, united, and influential global partner.

These aspirations represent a roadmap for Africa’s transformation over five decades, with specific objectives and milestones guiding progress.

Driving Change: Key Objectives and Initiatives

The Agenda outlines a range of bold initiatives designed to achieve its vision. Key areas of focus include:

• Regional Integration: The establishment of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), aimed at creating a single market with a combined GDP of over $3 trillion.

• Infrastructure Development: Expanding transportation networks, energy access, and telecommunications to bridge developmental gaps.

• Human Capital Development: Investing in education, healthcare, and skills to unlock the potential of Africa’s youth.

• Innovation and Technology: Promoting research, entrepreneurship, and a green economy.

• Peace and Security: Strengthening conflict resolution and peacekeeping mechanisms, such as the continental early warning system.

Progress Report: Milestones Achieved

Despite numerous challenges, Agenda 2063 has already delivered key successes, including:

1. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA): Operational since 2020, it fosters intra-African trade and economic cooperation.

2. The Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM): Launched in 2018 to reduce air travel costs and improve connectivity.

3. Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC): Established in 2017, it played a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

4. The African Union Development Agency (AUDA): Promoting coordinated economic and social development initiatives.

These milestones demonstrate the AU’s commitment to turning aspirations into tangible outcomes.

Leadership and Commitment: A Continental Effort

The success of Agenda 2063 hinges on the unwavering commitment of African leaders to:

• Unity and Integration: Strengthening Pan-African ties as a foundation for progress.

• Inclusive Development: Ensuring marginalised groups, particularly women and youth, are central to development efforts.

• Citizen Participation: Fostering accountability and engagement among African populations.

Challenges and Opportunities

While Agenda 2063 inspires optimism, several hurdles remain:

1. Financing Development: The agenda’s ambitious goals require innovative funding strategies, including private sector engagement.

2. Institutional Capacity: Many countries face governance and resource limitations that hinder implementation.

3. Conflict and Instability: Persistent insecurity in parts of the continent poses significant risks.

Yet, opportunities abound. Africa’s youthful population, resource wealth, and growing digital economy are powerful drivers of transformation. Collaborative efforts between governments, civil society, and international partners can unlock the continent’s full potential.

A Vision for Future Generations

The African Union’s Agenda 2063 offers a blueprint for a brighter future—a continent free from poverty, united in purpose, and thriving on the global stage. It is a vision grounded in shared aspirations and powered by the resilience of Africa’s people.

The road ahead is long, but with sustained commitment, innovation, and collaboration, the dream of a prosperous and united Africa is within reach. As we celebrate the milestones achieved, let us also recommit to the hard work necessary to realise Agenda 2063, leaving a legacy of hope and progress for generations to come.

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M-Pesa: Revolutionising Financial Inclusion

Launched in 2007, M-Pesa revolutionised financial inclusion in Kenya and later expanded across East Africa. What began as a simple money transfer service has since evolved to allow payments, savings, and even loans. By bypassing the need for traditional banking infrastructure, M-Pesa has empowered millions, especially in rural and underserved areas, providing access to financial services.

READ ALSO: CSR on Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation in Africa

Impact on Poverty: Over 50 million users now rely on M-Pesa, with studies showing that it has helped lift approximately 2% of Kenyan households out of extreme poverty, primarily through better access to money transfers, loans, and business expansion. By offering a platform for financial empowerment, M-Pesa has had a profound effect on economic mobility.

Harnessing Renewable Energy: Rwanda’s Solar Power Revolution

Rwanda’s Gigawatt Global solar project is one of the continent’s largest solar fields, providing renewable energy to thousands of homes and businesses in rural areas. This initiative is part of Rwanda’s broader strategy to ensure affordable and sustainable energy for its population.

Impact on Poverty: Increased access to electricity has opened up new economic opportunities, from supporting small businesses to improving the quality of education and healthcare. With power now available, rural populations can engage in productive activities that were previously unattainable, helping to reduce poverty and improve living standards.

Revolutionising Education: Digital Learning Platforms

Eneza Education

Eneza Education, an edtech initiative based in Kenya and Ghana, offers accessible mobile learning platforms that deliver educational content via basic mobile phones. This has become a lifeline for children in remote areas where traditional schools may not be an option.

Impact on Poverty: By providing students in underserved areas with study materials, quizzes, and interactive lessons, Eneza Education is improving literacy and numeracy. Better education translates into better job opportunities, creating a ripple effect that helps to reduce poverty.

Agricultural Innovation: Empowering Farmers

Hello Tractor in Nigeria

Agriculture remains the backbone of many African economies, but many smallholder farmers struggle with outdated methods and a lack of access to modern equipment. Hello Tractor, dubbed the “Uber for Tractors,” connects small-scale farmers with tractor owners, allowing them affordable access to mechanised farming.

Impact on Poverty: By improving the efficiency of farming, Hello Tractor boosts agricultural productivity, enabling farmers to increase yields and income. This innovation not only improves food security but also supports rural economic growth, contributing significantly to poverty reduction.

Tackling Urban Challenges: Wecyclers in Lagos, Nigeria

Wecyclers is a social enterprise in Lagos that addresses waste management while providing income opportunities to low-income residents. Using a rewards-based system, residents earn points by collecting and recycling waste. These points can be redeemed for household goods, creating economic incentives to participate in waste management.

Impact on Poverty: Wecyclers’ model empowers communities by creating job opportunities and improving environmental health. This contributes to poverty alleviation by enhancing community welfare, providing access to resources, and fostering entrepreneurship.

Health Innovations: Zipline in Ghana and Rwanda

Zipline operates drones to deliver medical supplies to remote areas where infrastructure challenges make traditional delivery methods unreliable. The company has made thousands of deliveries of essential medical items such as blood and vaccines, saving lives and improving health outcomes.

Impact on Poverty: By improving healthcare access, Zipline helps mitigate the economic devastation caused by illness. A healthier population is more productive, contributing to economic growth and reducing the financial strain on families and communities.

The African Regional Data Cube (ARDC)

The African Regional Data Cube initiative uses satellite data to track environmental changes, including agricultural trends, water resources, and deforestation. This data is used by governments, NGOs, and businesses to make informed decisions about resource management and policy.

Impact on Poverty: By providing insights into agricultural performance, water availability, and climate change, ARDC helps optimise resource allocation. Data-driven policies tackle the root causes of poverty, ensuring resources are used effectively to uplift communities.

Challenges and the Path Forward

While the successes highlighted here are promising, Africa still faces significant challenges that hinder the broader impact of these innovations. Infrastructure gaps, limited access to capital, and the digital divide remain persistent barriers to scaling solutions. Governments, NGOs, and the private sector must work together to bridge these gaps, ensuring that innovation reaches the most vulnerable populations.

Initiatives like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) offer an exciting opportunity for cross-border cooperation, enabling knowledge sharing and scaling successful projects across the continent. Likewise, increasing investment in education, infrastructure, and technology will help Africa sustain and amplify these innovations.

A Future Fuelled by Innovation

Innovation is undoubtedly transforming Africa, not just by addressing immediate needs but also by creating long-term solutions that uplift entire communities. The case studies discussed show that even indirect innovations—those that enhance access to services like finance, energy, education, and healthcare—are critical in breaking the cycle of poverty. As Africa continues to innovate, the continent addressing poverty and building a future where prosperity and opportunity are within reach for all.

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Africa’s Growth Drivers in 2025

1. Economic Diversification: A New Wave of Industry
Historically, Sub-Saharan Africa’s economies have been closely tied to commodity exports. But over the past decade, several countries have made bold strides toward diversification. Nations like Kenya, Rwanda, and Senegal are becoming hubs for technology, finance, and renewable energy. Nigeria and South Africa, traditionally dependent on oil and mining respectively, are increasingly investing in fintech, agritech, and digital infrastructure. According to a report by the African Development Bank, the technology sector alone has the potential to add up to $180 billion to Africa’s GDP by 2025.
By reducing reliance on commodities, these nations are building economies that can better withstand external shocks—a crucial step for long-term resilience.

READ ALSO: Economic Reforms in Africa: Navigating Opportunities and Challenges for Growth

2. Green Growth: Africa’s Renewable Energy Leap
Another promising trend is the region’s rapid adoption of renewable energy. With vast solar, wind, and hydro potential, Africa is uniquely positioned to become a leader in green energy. Already, more than 20% of new electricity generation in the region comes from renewable sources, and initiatives like Kenya’s Olkaria geothermal project are setting global benchmarks.
Investment in clean energy isn’t just about sustainability—it’s also about economic opportunity. Studies suggest that Africa’s renewable energy sector could generate up to 12 million jobs by 2030, making it a critical pillar of future growth.

3. Agriculture: From Survival to Sustainability
For decades, agriculture in Africa has been characterised by subsistence farming. However, technological advancements and policy reforms are transforming this vital sector. With improved access to mobile technology, farmers can now monitor weather patterns, access financial services, and connect to markets more effectively.
According to the World Bank, agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa is expected to grow by 3.2% annually over the next five years. This growth, combined with an increasing focus on value-added processing and exports, could make agriculture a key driver of economic expansion and rural development.

The Human Factor: People as the Pillars of Growth

One of the most overlooked assets of Sub-Saharan Africa is its human capital. With a median age of just 19.7 years, Africa boasts the youngest population of any continent. By 2025, over 60% of the population will be under 25, representing both a challenge and an immense opportunity.

To harness this demographic dividend, investment in education and skill development is paramount. Countries like Rwanda and Ghana are leading the way, with education reforms that prioritise STEM fields, vocational training, and entrepreneurship.

If properly educated and empowered, Africa’s youth could drive unprecedented innovation and economic transformation. The question remains: Will the right policies and investments be in place to unlock this potential?

Addressing the Critics: What Needs to Change?

It would be disingenuous to ignore the challenges facing Sub-Saharan Africa. Debt remains a pressing issue, with public debt levels exceeding 60% of GDP in many countries. Political instability in regions like the Sahel and parts of East Africa threatens to derail progress, while the climate crisis looms large.

However, it’s critical to approach these issues with nuance. Africa is not a monolith, and progress is uneven across the region. Rather than reducing the narrative to one of crisis, global partners must engage constructively, supporting locally driven solutions that prioritise long-term sustainability over short-term gains.

As we move toward 2025, one thing is clear: Sub-Saharan Africa is at a crossroads. The region has shown remarkable resilience in the face of adversity, and with the right mix of policy, investment, and innovation, it has the potential to become a key player in the global economy.

For too long, the narrative around Africa has been one of limitation rather than possibility. It’s time to shift that story. Africa’s growth is real, its potential is vast, and the world would do well to pay attention—not just to its challenges, but to its triumphs.

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