The international governance system, as embodied by institutions such as the United Nations (UN), World Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF), has not always fulfilled its promises to Africa. Although Africa comprises 54 countries and accounts for nearly 28% of the UN General Assembly, its influence remains marginal in key decision-making processes such as the UN Security Council, where only five countries hold permanent, veto-wielding seats.

READ ALSO: How E-Government is Changing Public Services in Africa

Economic participation in global governance tells a similar story. Africa contributes less than 4% to global GDP yet bears a disproportionate debt burden, with countries such as Ghana and Zambia struggling under external debt often tied to restrictive conditions. This imbalance underscores the need for a governance system that reflects Africa’s realities, opportunities, and challenges.

In the symphony of global governance, Africa’s voice often resembles a whisper struggling to be heard over the crescendos of more dominant players. This imbalance calls for systemic changes, akin to redistributing the musical score so that all sections, including Africa, can harmonise effectively.

Multilateral institutions such as the IMF and World Bank have initiated reforms, but more is needed. According to a 2022 Brookings report, while Africa is home to over 16% of the global population, its voting power in the IMF stands at just 6%. Structural changes to these institutions are crucial to enable African nations to advocate for policies that reflect their development priorities, from infrastructure funding to debt restructuring.

The IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), allocated in 2021, provided a glimpse of progress, with $33 billion directed to African nations. Yet, critics argue that these allocations are insufficient, particularly when compared to the $650 billion issued globally. A more equitable SDR redistribution could provide African countries with the fiscal space needed to invest in health, education, and renewable energy.

Debt Sustainability: A Looming Shadow

Africa’s debt crisis epitomises the shortcomings of the global governance system. More than 22 African nations are either in debt distress or at high risk. Innovative mechanisms such as debt-for-climate swaps, which exchange debt relief for investments in green projects, are gaining traction. For instance, Seychelles successfully piloted such a programme, protecting its marine biodiversity while reducing its debt burden.

Climate Change

Africa contributes less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet bears the brunt of climate change, from desertification in the Sahel to flooding in Mozambique. The global governance system must prioritise climate justice by ensuring developed nations fulfil their $100 billion annual climate finance pledge. Additionally, initiatives such as the African Climate Summit, hosted in Kenya in 2023, highlight the continent’s proactive stance in shaping global climate policy.

Trade and Economic Growth

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a beacon of hope for intra-African trade, which currently stands at a mere 18%, compared to 58% in Asia and 68% in Europe. By reducing tariffs and streamlining trade processes, AfCFTA could boost Africa’s combined GDP by $450 billion by 2035, according to the World Bank. However, global governance systems must support this initiative through fair trade policies and capacity-building programmes.

Technology and Innovation

Africa’s technological landscape is evolving rapidly, with startups across the continent attracting $4.85 billion in funding in 2022—a tenfold increase from 2015. To harness this potential, global governance systems should facilitate technology transfer, capacity building, and infrastructure development. Programmes such as the UN’s “Digital Cooperation Roadmap” are a step in the right direction but require stronger implementation.

Way Forward: A New Global Compact

The path to a fairer global governance system requires more than reforms; it demands a paradigm shift. Africa’s leaders must unite in their advocacy, leveraging regional bodies such as the African Union (AU) to negotiate as a bloc. Meanwhile, developed nations must recognise that a prosperous Africa is not just a moral imperative but an economic and geopolitical necessity.

The global governance system, much like a puzzle, remains incomplete without Africa’s full and equitable participation. By amplifying Africa’s voice and addressing systemic inequities, the international community can turn the current whisper into a resounding melody that benefits all.

The post Making Global Governance Work for Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Globally, solar energy is leading the investment race. In 2024 alone, solar photovoltaics (PV) attracted over $500 billion in investments, surpassing all other electricity generation sources combined. Hydropower, despite its historical dominance, is witnessing a decline in new investments, with only $130 billion annually allocated for expansion.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Journey towards a Solar-Powered Future

Solar energy’s installed capacity reached 1.5 terawatts (TW) in 2023, overtaking wind energy and closing in on hydropower’s 1.4 TW capacity. However, hydropower remains the largest source of renewable electricity, generating over 4,200 terawatt-hours (TWh) annually, while solar contributes approximately 1,300 TWh, according to the 2024 International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) report.

Efficiency-wise, hydropower surpasses solar with a capacity factor of 40-60%, compared to 15-25% for solar. This means hydropower plants generate electricity more consistently than solar farms, which rely on sunlight availability.

The African Context: Hydropower’s Legacy vs. Solar’s Disruption

Africa has long relied on hydropower, which accounts for nearly 70% of the continent’s renewable electricity (African Development Bank, 2023). The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), expected to generate 6.45 gigawatts (GW), exemplifies Africa’s hydropower ambitions. Similarly, Inga III in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has the potential to add another 11 GW to Africa’s grid.

Yet, hydropower faces significant challenges. Africa’s hydropower potential is heavily reliant on river systems like the Nile, Congo, and Zambezi, which are vulnerable to climate change-induced droughts. Countries such as Zambia and Zimbabwe experienced severe blackouts in 2019 and 2022 due to low water levels at the Kariba Dam.

Conversely, solar energy is rapidly gaining traction. Egypt, South Africa, and Morocco are spearheading large-scale solar projects, with Egypt’s Benban Solar Park (1.65 GW) ranking among the largest in the world. Africa’s solar potential is immense, with daily irradiation levels exceeding 5.5 kWh/m², making it one of the sunniest continents. In 2024, solar PV capacity in Africa surpassed 14 GW, a threefold increase since 2018.

Cost and Feasibility: Which Is More Practical for Africa?

Cost is a decisive factor. The levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) for solar PV dropped to $0.04/kWh in 2024, compared to $0.07/kWh for large-scale hydropower. This decline is driven by technological advancements and economies of scale, making solar more financially attractive.

Solar also offers flexibility. Unlike hydropower, which requires multi-billion-dollar infrastructure and long gestation periods, solar farms can be deployed quickly. For instance, Kenya’s Garissa Solar Plant (50 MW) was completed in less than two years, whereas large dams often take a decade or more.

However, hydropower provides energy storage and grid stability, which solar lacks. Hydropower’s ability to store excess energy in reservoirs makes it crucial for balancing Africa’s intermittent renewables, especially in regions with underdeveloped battery storage technology.

Environmental Considerations: Sustainability and Climate Impact

Environmental sustainability is a key concern. Hydropower projects often lead to deforestation, displacement of communities, and ecosystem disruption. The Merowe Dam in Sudan displaced over 50,000 people, and Ghana’s Akosombo Dam altered the Volta River ecosystem.

Solar, in contrast, has a lower ecological footprint. However, the production of solar panels relies on rare earth minerals like lithium and cobalt, raising concerns about unsustainable mining practices in countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Africa’s Best Bet: A Balanced Approach

The verdict? Neither hydropower nor solar alone can power Africa’s green future. A hybrid approach is essential.
Solar should be the dominant energy source due to its declining costs, scalability, and abundance. Investments in decentralised solar mini-grids can rapidly expand access to electricity in rural areas.

Hydropower must play a complementary role, particularly for grid stability and energy storage. Future investments should focus on small and run-of-river hydropower projects, which minimise environmental and social impacts.

Energy storage and grid modernisation are critical. Expanding battery storage solutions and investing in grid infrastructure will maximise the benefits of solar energy and mitigate its intermittency.

Shaping Africa’s Renewable Energy Future

Africa stands at an energy crossroads. While hydropower has historically been the backbone of the continent’s renewable energy, solar is emerging as the more cost-effective and scalable solution. A strategic blend of solar dominance and hydropower stability, supported by investments in battery storage and transmission infrastructure, will be the most viable path towards a sustainable and resilient green future.

As the sun rises on Africa’s energy revolution, it is clear that solar energy, with the right policies and investments, will lead the continent’s transition towards a cleaner, more prosperous future.

The post Hydropower vs. Solar: What’s Africa’s Best Bet for a Green Future? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The ceremony brought together some of Africa’s most distinguished leaders, including H.E. Andry Rajoelina, President of Madagascar, who was awarded the African Political Leader of the Year. The award was presented by H.E. Jakaya Kikwete, former President of Tanzania, in recognition of President Rajoelina’s outstanding leadership. The event was attended by esteemed dignitaries, ministers, director-generals, CEOs, and industry leaders, all gathered to celebrate Africa’s most impactful changemakers.

Mr. Shek’s leadership at Somalia’s National Communications Authority has been instrumental in strengthening regulatory frameworks, fostering digital inclusion, and enhancing cross-border collaboration within Africa’s telecommunications sector. His vision for a digitally interconnected Africa has played a crucial role in advancing policies that promote innovation, investment, and inclusive economic growth.

During the event, Mr. Shek delivered a compelling presentation on “Public Service Leadership in an Interconnected Africa: Fostering Collaboration for Inclusive Growth.” He highlighted the importance of digital transformation, strategic partnerships, and regulatory reforms in shaping Africa’s future and ensuring that no nation is left behind in the global digital economy.

“This recognition is a testament to Somalia’s progress in strengthening its telecommunications sector and integrating with the broader African digital landscape,” said Mr. Shek. “It underscores the power of collaboration, innovation, and strong governance in building a more inclusive and connected Africa.”

The African Public Service Leadership Award celebrates Mr. Shek’s exceptional leadership in championing policies that drive digital accessibility, economic empowerment, and regional connectivity. Meanwhile, the Special Commendation from the US State of Georgia highlights his global impact in bridging Africa’s technological advancements with international opportunities.

The African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year (POTY) Awards remain a premier platform for recognizing Africa’s most outstanding leaders. Mr. Mustafa Y. Shek’s recognition reaffirms the critical role of visionary leadership in leveraging technology and public service to shape a more prosperous Africa.

For media inquiries or further information, please contact:

The Group Editor
King Richard Igimoh
editor@africanleadership.co.uk, king.richards@africanleadership.co.uk

The post Celebrating Leadership: Mr. Mustafa Y. Shek Receives Top Honors at POTY 2024 for Public Service Excellence appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Environmental modelling provides predictive insights, helping policymakers anticipate future risks and plan accordingly. Ecology, the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment, reveals the underlying mechanisms that sustain ecosystem services. Economic policy acts as the bridge, ensuring that sustainable practices are incentivized while destructive ones are discouraged.

By weaving these three disciplines together, we can develop sustainable strategies that balance conservation with development. But how exactly do these elements function together? Let’s explore the essential triad that underpins ecosystem service management.

Understanding Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from nature, and they are classified into four main categories:

1. Provisioning Services: Products obtained from ecosystems, such as food, water, timber, and medicinal resources.
2. Regulating Services: Benefits from ecosystem processes, including climate regulation, flood control, and disease regulation.
3. Cultural Services: Non-material benefits like recreation, spiritual enrichment, and cultural heritage.
4. Supporting Services: Fundamental ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, soil formation, and primary production.

However, the degradation of these services is alarming. According to global studies, over two-thirds of ecosystem services are in decline due to overexploitation, habitat destruction, and climate change. A stark example is clean drinking water—over two billion people worldwide face shortages, and without intervention, this number could double in the coming decades.

Protecting these services requires forward-thinking solutions, integrating environmental science, technology, and economic frameworks.

Environmental Modelling: Predicting and Planning for the Future

Environmental modelling is a powerful tool that helps scientists and policymakers understand and predict ecosystem changes under different scenarios. By simulating climate variations, land-use changes, and human activities, these models inform proactive decision-making.

Types of Environmental Models:

• Climate Models: Predict weather patterns and climate shifts, helping policymakers prepare for extreme conditions.
• Hydrological Simulations: Analyze water flow, aiding in watershed management and flood control.
• Biodiversity Forecasting: Maps species distribution and predicts habitat loss, guiding conservation efforts.

A notable success story comes from New York City, where environmental modelling influenced a groundbreaking decision: instead of constructing an expensive water filtration plant, planners opted to protect the Catskill Watershed. By maintaining natural water purification processes, they ensured clean drinking water for millions while saving billions of dollars.

Without these predictive tools, long-term sustainability would remain a guessing game, leaving ecosystems and human populations vulnerable to crises.

Ecology: The Science of Interconnectedness

At the core of ecosystem service management lies ecology, which helps us understand how organisms interact with their environment. These interactions are crucial for maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and natural resource availability.

Key Ecological Concepts in Ecosystem Management

• Ecological Thresholds & Tipping Points: Identifying limits beyond which ecosystems collapse.
• Biodiversity and Resilience: Higher biodiversity equates to greater ecosystem resilience.
• Ecosystem Restoration: Rebuilding degraded environments through conservation strategies.

A crucial example is pollination in agriculture. Over 75% of global food crops depend on pollinators like bees, butterflies, and birds. However, habitat destruction and pesticide use are causing drastic declines in pollinator populations, threatening food security. Similarly, wetlands—often seen as wastelands—play a vital role in water purification and flood control. Ignoring such ecological functions leads to unintended consequences, from reduced agricultural yields to increased disaster vulnerability.

By integrating ecological insights into policy, we can design interventions that sustain both biodiversity and human livelihoods.

Economic Policy: Aligning Incentives with Sustainability

Economic policies serve as the bridge between scientific knowledge and practical action. By recognizing the economic value of ecosystem services, governments and businesses can implement strategies that promote sustainability while discouraging environmentally harmful practices.

Effective Economic Tools:

• Carbon Pricing: Charges businesses for carbon emissions, encouraging low-carbon alternatives.
• Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES): Rewards landowners for conservation efforts (e.g., maintaining forests, wetlands).
• Subsidies for Sustainable Agriculture: Incentivizes farming practices that protect soil health and biodiversity.

A compelling example is Switzerland’s PES scheme. Forests near Basel play a crucial role in purifying drinking water. Instead of building expensive water treatment plants, local residents contribute a small surcharge on their water bills, funding sustainable forest management. This approach balances economic development with environmental preservation, proving that conservation can be both profitable and practical.

When ecosystem services are woven into economic policy, environmental protection becomes an investment rather than a cost.

Dr. Joshua Rufus Abadi is a renowned environmental engineer specializing in water contamination. He has provided consultancy on oil spills in Nigeria and has spearheaded the EU WasClean project. Additionally, he collaborates with the University of Southampton and the University of Brighton, and leads environmental initiatives for Inspired Grace Healthcare.

The post Sustainable Ecosystem Services: The Impact of Modelling, Ecology, and Economic Policy appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The Africa Energy Indaba is recognised as the leading energy conference and exhibition in Africa, offering a strategic platform for dialogue between key stakeholders, including government ministers, private sector executives, and industry leaders. The event plays a crucial role in addressing the continent’s most pressing energy challenges while fostering innovative solutions that support sustainable energy development.

Backed by influential organisations such as the South African Department of Mineral Resources and Energy (DMRE) and the African Union Development Agency, AEI remains a cornerstone event in Africa’s energy landscape. The conference provides an unparalleled opportunity for stakeholders to engage in high-level discussions, forge strategic partnerships, and explore investment opportunities that will shape the future of Africa’s energy sector.

Key Highlights of Africa Energy Indaba 2025:

• Policy Influence & Deal-Making: A premier forum for discussions that drive policy reforms and facilitate major energy investments.
• Government & Private Sector Engagement: Bringing together ministers, policymakers, and business leaders to shape Africa’s energy agenda.
• Innovative Solutions: Showcasing cutting-edge technologies and sustainable energy strategies to drive sectoral transformation.
• Strategic Partnerships: Strengthening collaboration between African governments, international investors, and leading industry players.

Join the Conversation:

As Africa continues its journey towards a sustainable and prosperous energy future, AEI 2025 provides the ideal platform to connect, collaborate, and create impactful change. Don’t miss this opportunity to be part of the conversation that will define the next phase of Africa’s energy evolution.

Media Contact:

For more information and to register, visit: www.africaenergyindaba.com or Qondakuhle Dwangu, q@energyindaba.co.za

About Africa Energy Indaba:

The Africa Energy Indaba is the leading energy event in Africa, renowned for its role in shaping policy, fostering investment, and driving energy solutions across the continent. Held annually, the event provides a platform for critical discussions, networking, and deal-making that contribute to Africa’s energy transformation.

The post Africa Energy Indaba 2025: Countdown to Shaping Africa’s Energy Future appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Ecological modernisation integrates environmental sustainability into industrial strategies, emphasising technological advancements, regulatory frameworks, and community engagement. In the African oil industry, this paradigm is essential for mitigating the environmental and social costs of resource extraction. The Niger Delta’s experience underscores the urgency of adopting cleaner technologies, enforcing environmental standards, and fostering inclusive stakeholder participation via the following:

1. Technological Innovation

Africa’s oil sector must embrace cleaner extraction and processing technologies to curb environmental degradation. In Nigeria, the failure to implement advanced leak detection systems has led to over 12,000 recorded spills since 1976, according to the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA). The adoption of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques and digitised pipeline monitoring could drastically reduce spills and wastage. Moreover, gas flaring—responsible for emitting 330 billion cubic feet of methane in Nigeria alone—can be phased out through gas-to-power investments, a model successfully adopted in Algeria and Egypt.

2. Strengthening Regulatory Frameworks

Nigeria’s regulatory framework, though improving, remains weak due to inconsistent enforcement. The 2021 Petroleum Industry Act (PIA) was a step forward in ensuring environmental accountability, but gaps persist. Countries like Ghana, which has leveraged the Petroleum Revenue Management Act (2011) to enforce environmental safeguards, provide a blueprint for Nigeria and others. Stronger enforcement of pollution penalties and mandatory environmental impact assessments (EIAs) can drive oil firms toward greener operations.

3. Corporate Responsibility and Community Engagement

Africa’s oil multinationals, including Shell, Chevron, and TotalEnergies, have faced longstanding criticisms for environmental negligence. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives must go beyond token gestures and genuinely invest in local development. The Niger Delta Amnesty Programme, which sought to address oil-related conflicts, highlights the need for deeper community involvement. Similar to Angola’s Cabinda model, which reinvests oil revenues into social projects, Nigeria’s oil companies must adopt community-led sustainability programs to foster long-term trust and stability.

4. Economic Diversification

A sustainable future for the Niger Delta—and Africa’s broader oil belt—requires economic diversification. Agriculture, aquaculture, and renewable energy can serve as alternative economic engines. Nigeria’s renewable energy sector, currently contributing less than 10% to national power generation, holds immense potential. The success of Kenya’s geothermal energy projects and South Africa’s solar initiatives offer models for the Niger Delta to explore solar farms and hydropower as viable alternatives.

Overcoming Key Challenges

Despite the promise of ecological modernisation, challenges remain. Weak governance, corruption, and the entrenched interests of oil conglomerates hinder progress. Additionally, financial constraints and a lack of skilled labour impede the transition to cleaner technologies. However, international partnerships—such as the United Nations Environment Programme’s (UNEP) involvement in the Ogoniland clean-up—demonstrate that multi-stakeholder collaboration can yield tangible environmental restoration efforts.

To harness the potential of ecological modernisation, African oil-producing nations must prioritise the following:

• Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs): Collaborative investments in clean energy and environmental restoration projects.
• Legislative Reforms: Enforcing stricter environmental regulations with clear punitive measures.
• Technological Investments: Deploying digital monitoring systems to curb oil spills and gas emissions.
• Community-Led Initiatives: Ensuring that local populations are integral to decision-making and benefit from resource wealth.

The Niger Delta’s struggle with ecological degradation is not unique—it mirrors the broader challenges of Africa’s resource-rich regions. However, ecological modernisation presents an opportunity to rewrite this narrative. By embracing technological innovation, enforcing robust environmental policies, and ensuring equitable community participation, Africa’s oil industry can transition from an extractive model to a sustainable, inclusive, and globally competitive sector. If pursued with genuine commitment, the Niger Delta could transform from an environmental cautionary tale into a benchmark for sustainable resource management across the continent.

Dr. Joshua Rufus Abadi is a renowned environmental engineer specializing in water contamination. He has provided consultancy on oil spills in Nigeria and has spearheaded the EU WasClean project. Additionally, he collaborates with the University of Southampton and the University of Brighton, and leads environmental initiatives for Inspired Grace Healthcare.

The post Ecological Modernisation in Africa’s Oil Industry: A Niger Delta Case Study appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Military Modernisation: Enhancing Defence Capabilities

Recent data from Global Firepower (GFP) highlights the significant advancements in Africa’s military strength, particularly in the realm of Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs). These include tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), and armoured personnel carriers (APCs), which form critical components of modern military strategy. Egypt leads the continent with an impressive arsenal of 41,012 combat tanks, placing it 12th globally, a reflection of its prioritisation of ground force capabilities.

READ ALSO: Military Innovation: Africa’s Growing Satellite Network

Other nations such as Algeria, South Africa, and Nigeria also feature prominently, investing heavily in the expansion and modernisation of their armoured fleets. South Africa’s defence industry is particularly noteworthy, with its production of indigenous vehicles like the Rooikat, showcasing the potential for domestic manufacturing to elevate military self-reliance. These advancements significantly enhance operational effectiveness, protect troops, and enable rapid responses to diverse threats.

Challenges Facing Africa’s Defence Sector

Despite this progress, Africa’s defence sector faces numerous challenges, including:
Funding Constraints: Many African nations allocate limited budgets to defence compared to developmental needs. This restricts the procurement of advanced technology and hinders modernisation efforts.

Political Instability: Internal conflicts and political instability disrupt the continuity of defence initiatives and impede strategic planning and operations.

Technological Gaps: While there has been an increase in military assets, many countries struggle with integrating modern warfare technologies such as cybersecurity, reconnaissance, and intelligence capabilities.

Supply Chain Dependencies: A heavy reliance on foreign arms suppliers limits autonomy in decision-making regarding defence strategies, leaving countries vulnerable to international geopolitical shifts.

Solutions for Strengthening Defence

To address these challenges, several strategic solutions can be pursued:

Increased Investment in Defence: Governments should aim to allocate a greater proportion of their budgets to defence, ensuring a balance with developmental needs. Regional cooperation and funding from international partners could help augment these investments.

Capacity Building through Regional Collaboration: Enhanced collaboration between nations—including shared intelligence, resources, and training programmes—is vital. Initiatives such as the African Standby Force can deepen regional partnerships and prepare for collective security challenges.

Emphasising Domestic Production: Encouraging local manufacturing of military equipment can reduce dependence on foreign suppliers while stimulating local economies. Investments in Africa’s defence technology sector could yield sustainable and innovative solutions.

Enhancing Research and Development: Establishing centres for defence research and fostering partnerships with universities can drive advancements in military technology tailored to Africa’s specific challenges.

Addressing Non-Traditional Security Threats: Broader definitions of security, encompassing cyber threats, climate change, and health crises, should be integrated into military strategies to ensure a comprehensive approach to national security.

Africa’s Role in Global Security

As African nations strengthen their military capabilities, there is an opportunity to contribute significantly to global security efforts. The African Union’s initiatives in conflict resolution and peacekeeping have already positioned the continent as a vital player in international security dialogues. Enhanced military preparedness would enable African nations to provide effective responses to regional crises, thus bolstering global stability in an increasingly interconnected world.

Africa’s military modernisation represents more than an isolated objective; it is a strategic pathway towards enhanced national and continental security. By addressing the challenges facing the defence sector and implementing effective solutions, Africa can safeguard its interests while playing a pivotal role in fostering a more secure global landscape. As nations continue to build their military capabilities to defend sovereignty and promote peace, the continent stands poised to become an influential force for stability both regionally and globally.

The post Advancing Military Capabilities in Africa: A New Era of Defense appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Despite these disadvantages, Africa faces a range of contemporary challenges with global implications. Climate change, for instance, presents a significant threat, with rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and sea-level rise impacting food security, water availability, and displacement. Furthermore, Africa must tackle poverty, inequality, and conflict, while also harnessing its demographic dividend for sustainable development.

READ ALSO: The Influence of African Institutions on Global Governance Structures

However, these challenges present substantial opportunities. Africa’s youthful population, abundant natural resources, and growing economic clout are attracting global attention. The continent is increasingly seen as a market for investment, a source of innovation, and a crucial partner in addressing global challenges. This rising influence provides Africa with a unique opportunity to shape global governance in ways that reflect its own priorities and aspirations.

Africa’s Voice in Global Governance

To effectively participate in global governance, Africa must overcome several challenges:

• Strengthening regional integration: A united Africa, speaking with a single voice, will wield greater leverage in global negotiations.
• Promoting good governance: Democratic governance, respect for human rights, and the rule of law are essential to building trust and attracting investment.
• Investing in human capital: Education, healthcare, and skills development are crucial to empowering Africa’s people and fostering economic growth.
• Harnessing technology: Embracing technology is key to enhancing Africa’s connectivity, competitiveness, and resilience.

Key Areas of African Engagement in Global Governance

Africa is increasingly active in addressing a variety of global issues, including:

Climate Change

• Vulnerability and Leadership: Africa is one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change, facing severe droughts, floods, rising sea levels, and desertification. This vulnerability has propelled African nations to become vocal leaders in global climate action.
• Advocacy for Ambitious Action: African countries consistently advocate for ambitious emission reduction targets from developed nations, recognising their historical responsibility for the current climate crisis.
• Demand for Climate Finance: African nations emphasise the need for increased financial support from developed countries to help them adapt to climate change and transition to low-carbon economies, including funding for renewable energy projects, climate-resilient infrastructure, and disaster risk reduction.
• Focus on Adaptation: Given the severe impacts already felt in Africa, the focus is on adaptation measures such as drought-resistant crops, improved water management, and early warning systems for extreme weather events.

Peace and Security

• Regional Leadership: The African Union (AU) plays a significant role in conflict prevention and resolution, deploying peacekeeping forces to hotspots across the continent.
• Focus on African Solutions: The AU champions African-led solutions to African problems, promoting dialogue, mediation, and political processes to resolve conflicts peacefully.
• Combating Terrorism: Africa is actively involved in the global fight against terrorism, with regional initiatives aimed at disrupting terrorist networks and preventing extremism.
• Emerging Security Threats: The AU is addressing new security challenges, such as cybercrime, maritime piracy, and the illicit trafficking of arms and natural resources.

Health

• Combating Infectious Diseases: Africa has been at the forefront of the global fight against infectious diseases like
HIV/AIDS, malaria, and Ebola.
• Strengthening Health Systems: African countries are investing in robust health systems to improve access to quality healthcare.
• Universal Health Coverage (UHC): Achieving UHC is a priority for many African countries, ensuring access to essential health services without financial hardship.
• Non-communicable Diseases: The continent is grappling with the growing burden of diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and is integrating prevention and treatment into national health plans.

Trade and Investment

• Promoting Intra-African Trade: The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a landmark initiative aimed at boosting intra-African trade and creating a single market for goods and services. This has the potential to enhance Africa’s economic integration and competitiveness.
• Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): African countries are actively seeking FDI to stimulate growth, create jobs, and diversify their economies.
• Negotiating Trade Agreements: African nations are increasingly involved in negotiating trade agreements with other regions and blocs, aiming to secure market access for exports and attract investment.
• Advocating for Fair Trade: Africa advocates for a more equitable international trading system, calling for the removal of trade barriers and the reduction of trade distortions.

The Future of Africa in Global Governance

The future of Africa in global governance looks promising, but it requires sustained effort and strategic engagement. Africa must continue to build its internal capacity, strengthen alliances with like-minded partners, and assert its interests on the global stage. By embracing its potential and overcoming its challenges, Africa can play a pivotal role in shaping a just, equitable, and sustainable world order.

Promising Factors

• Growing Economic and Political Influence: Africa’s expanding population and economies are increasing its global influence. This growing economic power translates into greater political leverage on the international stage.
• Technological Advancements: Increased access to technology, such as mobile phones and the internet, is empowering African citizens and fostering innovation. This can enhance Africa’s participation in global governance by facilitating communication, information sharing, and citizen engagement.
• Youthful Population: Africa’s young and dynamic population represents a significant demographic dividend. This group can drive economic growth, innovation, and social change, contributing to Africa’s rising global influence.
• Regional Integration: Progress in initiatives like the AfCFTA can strengthen Africa’s collective voice and bargaining power in global negotiations.

Africa’s role in global governance is evolving rapidly. Once marginalised, the continent is now emerging as a crucial player in addressing global challenges and shaping the future world order. By strengthening its internal capacity, embracing its potential, and advocating for its interests, Africa can make significant contributions to a more equitable and inclusive global system. The future of global governance depends on the active participation of all stakeholders, including a rising and increasingly influential Africa.

The post The Role of Africa in Global Governance appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

In the United States, water pollution is closer to home than many realise. Over 97 million Americans consume drinking water containing harmful, unregulated chemicals, many of which are inadequately addressed by current policies. The Anacostia River in Washington, D.C., has endured over 150 years of industrial pollution, symbolising a nationwide problem affecting waterways from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean. Contaminants from industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and chemical spills continue to infiltrate water systems due to insufficient regulation and enforcement, placing countless communities at risk.

The United Kingdom faces similar challenges. Despite its reputation for strong environmental policies, water pollution remains a significant issue. Agricultural runoff, untreated sewage, and chemical pollutants plague the country’s rivers, once the backbone of its industrial growth. In 2020, nearly 40% of UK rivers were classified as being in poor ecological health, according to the Environment Agency. Outdated infrastructure and underinvestment in wastewater treatment exacerbate the problem, leading to the discharge of millions of litres of untreated sewage annually. This pollution threatens public health and biodiversity, pushing species such as fish and aquatic insects toward extinction.

Across Africa, the water crisis is even more severe. Over 500 million people live in water-insecure regions, where access to clean water is a luxury rather than a basic right. Rivers and streams, vital for families and farmers, are increasingly contaminated with untreated sewage and industrial waste. This pollution not only jeopardises human health but also disrupts agricultural productivity and biodiversity. In rural areas, waterborne diseases like cholera and typhoid remain rampant, while urban centers struggle with poor waste management. In Nigeria, oil spills have devastated ecosystems, rendering water sources undrinkable and creating ecological dead zones.

The causes of water pollution are diverse and interconnected. Industrial facilities discharge untreated waste into rivers and lakes, while agriculture contributes to nutrient-laden runoff from fertilisers, pesticides, and animal waste. This runoff fuels algal blooms, depleting oxygen in the water and creating “dead zones” inhospitable to aquatic life. Compounding the problem is the growing threat of plastic pollution. Each year, millions of tonnes of plastic enter waterways, breaking down into microplastics that infiltrate ecosystems and even human bodies. These particles have been found in oceans, rivers, and drinking water, raising concerns about their long-term health and environmental impacts.

Despite these challenges, solutions are within reach. Technological innovations are providing new ways to combat water pollution. For instance, floating treatment wetlands in Nepal are effectively removing heavy metals and nitrates from lakes using low-cost, locally sourced materials. Such initiatives could be adapted for resource-constrained regions like Africa, where affordability and simplicity are key.

In the United States, progress is being made to address persistent pollutants like PFAS—dubbed “forever chemicals” for their resistance to degradation. Advanced filtration technologies and stricter regulations, such as the Environmental Protection Agency’s new PFAS limits in drinking water, represent steps forward. However, success depends on robust enforcement and equitable funding to ensure these solutions reach vulnerable communities.

In the UK, public awareness and political will are crucial to reversing the damage to waterways. Momentum is growing for initiatives to reduce single-use plastics and upgrade sewage treatment infrastructure. With sustained investment and time, improved wastewater systems and sustainable agricultural practices could mitigate the pollution crisis.

Global collaboration is essential. International agreements, such as a treaty on plastic pollution, could lead to meaningful reductions in plastic production and the elimination of harmful additives. Since water pollution transcends borders, collective efforts are crucial to addressing its impacts downstream.

Leadership at all levels is pivotal. Political leaders in Africa, for example, have the opportunity to prioritise water security by investing in wastewater treatment plants, supporting community clean-up efforts, and fostering public-private partnerships. Similarly, public education campaigns can empower communities to adopt sustainable practices and safeguard water resources.

The global water pollution crisis is a shared challenge, transcending borders and cultures. While the severity of its impacts varies, the message is clear: water, the lifeblood of our planet, is under threat. Addressing this crisis requires a multifaceted approach that blends innovation, regulation, and community engagement. With collective effort and unwavering commitment, we can turn the tide against water pollution, ensuring a healthier and more sustainable future for generations to come.

Dr. Joshua Rufus Abadi is a renowned environmental engineer specializing in water contamination. He has provided consultancy on oil spills in Nigeria and has spearheaded the EU WasClean project. Additionally, he collaborates with the University of Southampton and the University of Brighton, and leads environmental initiatives for Inspired Grace Healthcare.

The post Polluted Waters: A Global Challenge That Demands Action appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Few figures in Africa’s history command attention like Daisy. Danjuma—a woman whose life story reads like a gripping narrative of ambition, resilience, and extraordinary triumphs. From the courtroom to the Senate, and now at the helm of a major corporate empire, her journey has been one of breaking barriers and rewriting the script of what’s possible for women in Africa. But even as her legacy takes shape, one can’t help but wonder: what will Daisy Danjuma conquer next?

Born into a family that instilled the values of service and excellence, Daisy’s ascent was inevitable—but the heights she would reach were unimaginable. With a law degree from Ahmadu Bello University, she stormed into Nigeria’s legal scene with a fire that couldn’t be ignored. Her mastery of corporate law made her indispensable to high-profile clients navigating Nigeria’s turbulent economic and legal landscape. Yet, for Daisy, the courtroom was just the beginning.

In 2003, she stunned many by stepping into politics, entering a Senate often dominated by men. Representing Edo South Senatorial District, she wasted no time making her presence felt. Her debates were bold, her bills transformative, and her advocacy for women and children relentless. But beneath her legislative achievements lay a deeper question: Ws Nigeria ready for the kind of change Daisy was determined to bring? Her bold reforms and tireless work on women’s rights left critics scrambling and allies rallying behind her.

Even outside the Senate, her drive to empower women took on a life of its own. Daisy’s advocacy wasn’t confined to speeches or policies—it was action-orientated, creating opportunities for women in education, business, and politics. She championed causes that others feared to touch, building a legacy that continues to ripple through generations.

But just when it seemed Daisy had reached the pinnacle of her influence, she pivoted yet again—this time into the high-stakes world of business. As Vice Chair of South Atlantic Petroleum (SAPETRO), Daisy brought the same tenacity and strategic brilliance that defined her earlier career. Under her watch, SAPETRO expanded its footprint across Africa, venturing into oilfields that seemed out of reach. Her sharp business instincts turned challenges into triumphs, cementing SAPETRO’s place as a major player in the energy sector.

Yet behind the boardroom doors, Daisy wasn’t just chasing profit—she was redefining what ethical leadership looks like in an industry often mired in controversy. Her commitment to corporate governance, transparency, and sustainability earned her admiration and respect, but it also raised an intriguing question: how far could this bold visionary take Africa’s energy ambitions?

Her philanthropic pursuits add another layer to her enigmatic persona. Whether funding healthcare initiatives, empowering underserved communities, or championing education, Daisy’s impact has been profound. But for every life she’s touched, there’s a growing anticipation of what comes next. Her vision for a fairer, more equitable society feels like a promise yet to be fulfilled—and one can’t help but feel the weight of what’s still to come.

Daisy Danjuma’s journey is intriguing. With each step, she has defied expectations, conquered uncharted territories, and set new standards for leadership. But her story is like an unfinished symphony—every accomplishment, every bold move, leaves us wondering about the crescendo that lies ahead.

Will she expand her influence further, perhaps onto a global stage? Will her advocacy for women reshape the continent in ways we can’t yet imagine? Or will her next act, as always, take us by surprise? For Daisy Danjuma, the future is not a destination—it is an evolving masterpiece. And for those of us watching, the suspense is irresistible.

One thing is certain: Daisy Danjuma is far from done. Her story is a testament to the power of vision, resilience, and a restless spirit. unwilling to settle. As the chapters of her life continue to unfold, the world waits, breathless, to see how this extraordinary trailblazer will write the next page.

The post Daisy Danjuma: Redefining Power, Influence, and Purpose appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.