Rwanda and Belgium

On 17 March 2025, Rwanda made headlines by cutting diplomatic ties with Belgium, giving Belgian diplomats 48 hours to leave. The decision stemmed from escalating tensions over Rwanda’s alleged involvement in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) conflict. Kigali accused Belgium of undermining its sovereignty, advocating European sanctions, and perpetuating a neocolonial stance reminiscent of its colonial past.

Rwanda’s Foreign Ministry issued a scathing statement, condemning Belgium for fueling ethnic divisions that contributed to the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi and for allegedly sheltering groups that deny the genocide. In response, Belgium called the move disproportionate, expelled Rwandan diplomats, and terminated development aid. The incident underscores mounting tensions between African nations and former colonial powers, particularly over accusations of external interference.

Mali and Burkina Faso

Mali and Burkina Faso, both former French colonies, have taken decisive steps to reduce French influence. On the same day as Rwanda’s move, Mali announced its withdrawal from the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), citing selective sanctions and violations of its sovereignty. This followed Mali’s earlier expulsion of French troops and its deepening military ties with Russia.

Burkina Faso swiftly followed, also withdrawing from the OIF and accusing France of fostering instability. These actions highlight a broader regional trend: West African nations are pivoting away from French influence in favour of emerging global powers like Russia and China. Their departure from Francophone institutions signals a determination to rewrite economic and security policies on their own terms.

Niger and Ukraine

In an unexpected diplomatic rift, Niger severed ties with Ukraine on 7 August 2024, accusing Kyiv of supporting terrorist groups operating within its borders. This move mirrors a growing trend among West African nations reassessing their foreign alliances, particularly in the context of security concerns. The allegation of foreign interference in domestic security affairs reflects Africa’s increasing scepticism of external involvement in its internal stability.

The Central African Republic (CAR) and France

The Central African Republic (CAR) has seen its relations with France deteriorate over the years. The CAR government has repeatedly accused France of meddling in its internal affairs, leading to reduced diplomatic engagement. As France’s influence wanes, Russia has stepped in, with the Wagner Group playing a significant security role in the country. This realignment highlights Africa’s willingness to seek alternative partners who offer military and economic support without historical baggage.

Key Drivers of the Diplomatic Shift

The growing rift between African nations and European powers stems from several critical factors:

1. Assertion of Sovereignty – Many African leaders view former colonial powers as maintaining undue influence over domestic policies. Cutting ties signals a broader push for self-determination and independent governance.
2. Geopolitical Realignment – With China, Russia, and Turkey increasing their presence in Africa, nations are exploring partnerships that provide economic and security advantages without colonial-era constraints.
3. Resource Control and Economic Interests – Disputes over the exploitation of Africa’s natural resources fuel resentment. Accusations of unfair trade practices and resource extraction by European countries have strengthened calls for greater local control.
4. Security and Military Alliances – Countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, and CAR are shifting away from European military aid in favour of alternative security arrangements with partners that impose fewer political conditions.
5. Colonial Legacy and Historical Grievances – The continued presence of European institutions and influence is increasingly seen as a relic of colonial rule. Governments are reassessing these ties in an effort to decolonise their foreign policies.

The severing of ties between African nations and European powers is not a series of isolated events but a broader geopolitical transformation. As African governments assert their sovereignty and diversify their global partnerships, Europe must rethink its approach to the continent.

This shift comes with challenges. Economic dependencies, security concerns, and regional stability will shape the future of these evolving relationships. The question is no longer whether Africa will continue on this path, but how Europe will respond to a continent determined to shape its own destiny. The coming years will reveal whether this transformation fosters new partnerships based on mutual respect—or leads to further estrangement between Africa and the West.

King Richard Igimoh is an award-winning communication strategist with over two decades of experience in the field. He excels in Diplomacy, Journalism, Economic and International Affairs. As the Group Editor and a key member of the management team at the African Leadership Organisation, he continues to contribute significantly to promoting Africa’s dignity and opportunities globally

The post A Fractured Alliance: Why Some African Nations Are Cutting Ties with Europe appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Born and raised in Plateau State, Nshe’s upbringing instilled in him a strong sense of purpose and an early desire to contribute to his community. While specific details about his education remain scarce, his achievements in governance point to a leader with exceptional practical knowledge and an unrelenting drive for progress.

Nshe’s political career has been a steady ascent, characterised by a deep connection with the grassroots. His repeated elections and appointments as Chairman of Shendam Local Government Area attest to the trust he has garnered over the years. In every capacity, he has demonstrated an unwavering commitment to the betterment of Shendam, a legacy evident in his infrastructure initiatives. One of his most celebrated projects was the installation of over 400 boreholes during his earlier terms, addressing a critical water scarcity issue and significantly enhancing the quality of life for the people. Yet, this achievement was marred by the neglect of subsequent administrations, leaving much of the infrastructure in disrepair. When Nshe returned as Transition Committee Chairman, he immediately prioritised the rehabilitation of these boreholes, showcasing his dedication to sustainable and practical solutions.

But Nshe’s leadership extends beyond infrastructure. Insecurity has long plagued Shendam, as it has many regions in Nigeria, with issues ranging from kidnappings to other criminal activities disrupting daily life. Nshe tackled these challenges head-on, partnering with law enforcement and local leaders to implement proactive measures that have substantially reduced crime in the area. His firm stance against criminal elements, reinforced by his actions, has restored a sense of safety to Shendam. Residents now speak of a renewed confidence, a testament to his leadership’s positive impact on the community’s psyche.

Equally noteworthy is Nshe’s approach to social welfare. His leadership style is inclusive, valuing the input and participation of all stakeholders—traditional leaders, youth groups, women’s associations, and religious figures. This collaborative ethos has not only strengthened community ties but has also driven meaningful interventions. A prime example was his distribution of food supplies during the festive season, an act that provided much-needed relief to families and fostered communal unity. These gestures, while seemingly small, underline Nshe’s deep empathy and his commitment to the well-being of his constituents.

However, Nshe’s path has not been without obstacles. His assumption of office as Transition Committee Chairman was met with resistance from loyalists of his predecessor, Hon. Alex Nantuam. Efforts to prevent his inauguration were swiftly quelled by the support of security forces and the overwhelming backing of his party, the PDP. Such challenges might have derailed a less determined leader, but Nshe’s resilience and focus on his mission carried him through. He has since dedicated himself to reuniting a divided Shendam, fostering a sense of common purpose among its people, and ensuring that development takes precedence over political squabbles.

Hon Kemi Nshe, Executive Chairman, Shendam LGA, Plateau state, Nigeria

Nshe’s vision for Shendam is clear: a thriving, secure, and inclusive community where every resident has the opportunity to succeed. His leadership priorities—restoring and maintaining vital infrastructure, enhancing security, and fostering economic development—reflect a holistic approach to governance that aims to address both immediate needs and long-term aspirations. By creating an environment conducive to growth, he hopes to inspire a new generation of leaders who will continue to build on his legacy.

As Nichokas Kemi Nshe’s tenure continues, his story becomes one of hope and inspiration, not just for the people of Shendam but for Plateau State and beyond.  His achievements serve as a powerful reminder that effective leadership requires more than just occupying a position of power; it demands a genuine commitment to making a difference in people’s lives. Through his actions, Nshe has proven that resilience, vision, and empathy are the cornerstones of impactful leadership. As Shendam reaps the benefits of his governance, Nshe’s legacy will endure as a beacon of what is possible when leaders prioritise their people above all else. No wonder he recently got a nomination as the African Local Government Leader of the Year.

The post Kemi Nshe: A Pillar of Leadership in Shendam & Beyond appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

With a strong background in law and public administration, Rimin-Gado is well-equipped to confront the entrenched systems of corruption hindering development. Since his appointment as head of the PCACC, he has overseen numerous high-profile investigations into public officials and private individuals accused of embezzlement, fraud, and abuse of office, resulting in several successful prosecutions. This demonstrates the commission’s firm focus on accountability, irrespective of the individuals involved.

A notable achievement has been the restructuring of the PCACC to enhance operational efficiency. Through capacity-building programs and the implementation of advanced investigative tools, the commission has significantly improved its ability to tackle complex cases. Additionally, Rimin-Gado has prioritized public engagement by launching awareness campaigns aimed at educating citizens about their role in combating corruption. These initiatives are designed to cultivate a culture of accountability, encouraging the public to report misconduct and actively participate in governance.

Rimin-Gado’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. He has been nominated for the Distinguished Award for Exemplary Anti-Corruption Leadership at the African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year (POTY) Awards, scheduled for February 2025 in Casablanca, Morocco. This recognition highlights his pivotal role in driving systemic reforms and promoting accountability in Kano State, further solidifying his position as a notable leader in Africa’s broader fight against corruption.

However, Rimin-Gado’s journey has not been without challenges. Investigating corruption at high levels often invites political pressure and public criticism. These obstacles underscore the challenges of leading an anti-corruption body in an environment where accountability is frequently compromised. Yet, Rimin-Gado remains focused on institutional reforms, stressing the need for stronger legal frameworks to support anti-corruption efforts.

Looking forward, Rimin-Gado is determined to leverage technology to enhance transparency and efficiency in governance. His push for e-governance platforms and digital reporting systems aims to make corruption reporting more accessible and reduce the bureaucratic inefficiencies that enable corruption to thrive.

As Rimin-Gado continues his tenure, his work raises important questions about the sustainability of anti-corruption efforts in Nigeria. The current administration of Abba Kabir Yusuf in the state deserves some commendation for the atmosphere it enables in the fight against corruption. However, can institutional reforms endure beyond the tenure of individual leaders? What measures are necessary to ensure the fight against corruption remains unimpeded by political interests?

Rimin-Gado’s leadership at the PCACC under the administration of Governor Abba Kabir Yusuf serves as a case study in tackling systemic corruption in challenging environments. His approach has yielded tangible results but underscores the need for institutional resilience and a collective commitment to accountability. His recognition at the upcoming African Leadership Magazine awards highlights the critical role of leadership in addressing systemic challenges, offering his work as a model for others to emulate.

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13 December 2025, London, United Kingdom

The African Leadership Magazine (ALM) is excited to announce the African Persons of the Year 2024, following the culmination of a three-step selection process that included public nominations, screening and shortlisting by the Editorial Board, and a highly competitive online poll, which concluded at midnight (CAT) on Thursday, December 12, 2024. The President of Senegal, Bassirou Faye, along with President Andry Rajoelina of Madagascar and President João Lourenço of Angola, emerged as winners in three major categories—African of the Year, African Political Leader of the Year, and African Peace and Security Leader of the Year, respectively. In addition, the Prime Minister of Uganda, Robinah Nabbanja, emerged as a co-winner in the African Female Leader of the Year category.

The emergence of the 2024 winners was based on the results of the online poll, which attracted votes from across Africa and the globe, registering about a 174.75% increase in the total number of votes cast compared to the 2023 edition and the highest turnout since the COVID-19 pandemic. The African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year is Africa’s premier vote-based endorsement, annually reserved for leading Africans who contribute to the continent’s progress and positively alter its perceived image. The three-step selection process provides Africans from around the world the opportunity to participate in celebrating the leaders who are driving Africa’s growth and development.

In his statement, publisher of the African Leadership magazine, Dr. Ken Giami, noted the extraordinary contributions of the nominees and winners to Africa’s growth story. Indeed, every nominee is a winner. “However, I especially congratulate our winners for their contributions to African progress and development. They represent a force for good on the continent, and we are proud to stand with them at this time in our history.

The winners and runners-up will be formally presented with instruments of honour during the flagship annual 14th African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year awards ceremony, scheduled for 27–28 February 2025 in Casablanca, Morocco. The highlights of the event would include the POTY awards presentation, high-level plenary, business investment showcases, states and countries’ investment opportunities showcases, roundtable discussions, and multi-networking sessions, as well as an unveiling of the African Leadership Magazine special POTY edition.

The

The African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year (POTY) Ceremony is a flagship annual event hosted by African Leadership Magazine for the past 13 years, bringing together policymakers, private sector leaders, thought leaders, and stakeholders from across Africa and around the world to largely celebrate people-centred leadership and Africans driving a pan-African agenda. The 2025 edition is expected to attract over 400 delegates, providing a unique platform for multi-dimensional and intimate networking, collaborations, and partnerships, while facilitating dialogue, sharing best practices, and exploring innovative solutions to Africa’s most pressing challenges to advance a prosperous and sustainable future for the continent.

Below is the complete list of winners in the 13 categories of the African Leadership Magazine Persons of the Year Awards 2024:

African of the Year

• E. Bassirou Faye, President of Senegal—Winner

African Political Leader of the Year

• E. Andry Rajoelina, President of Madagascar—Winner

Africa Peace & Security Leader of the Year

• E. João Lourenço, President of Angola—Winner

African Female Leader of the Year

• E. Robinah Nabbanja, Prime Minister of Uganda—Co-Winner
• Helen Oritsejafor, Nigerian Philanthropist & Businesswoman—Co-winner

African Lawmaker of the Year

• Dithapelo Keorapetse, Speaker of Botswana’s National Assembly—Winner

African Government Minister of the Year

• Diamantino Azevedo, Minister for Mineral Resources, Angola—Winner

African Agricultural Development Leader of the Year

• Mandefro Nigussie, CEO, Agricultural Transformation Agency, Ethiopia—Winner

African Public Health Champion of the Year

• Dr. Jane Ruth Aceng Ocero, Minister for Health, Uganda—Winner

African Public Sector Leader of the Year

• M. Sudhamo Lal, Director-General, Mauritius Revenue Authority—Winner

Young African Leader of the Year

• Emilia Nghikembua, CEO, Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia—Winner

African Philanthropist of the Year

• Seinye Lulu-Briggs, Chairman, Moni Pulo, Nigeria—Winner

African Industrialist of the Year

• Bridgette Motsepe-Radebe, Founder/Chairperson, Mmakau Mining, South Africa—Winner

African Educationist of the Year

• Hassan Basajjabalaba, Founder, Kampala International University, Uganda—Winner

About African Leadership Magazine

The African Leadership Magazine, published by the African Leadership Organisation (UK), focuses on presenting the best of Africa to a global audience. It tells the African story from an African perspective while developing solutions to challenges facing the continent today. The organisation has committed the last 16 years to promoting impactful leadership on the continent and promoting African opportunities globally through an ecosystem of quality Afro-positive content, Africa trade facilitation and market entry solutions, Afro-centric communities and business networking platforms, as well as through public sector training and consulting.

For media enquiries, contact:

Ehis Ayere

Group General Manager

African Leadership Magazine

ehis@africanleadership.co.uk

+44 2030511883

The post BREAKING: BASSIROU FAYE, ANDRY RAJOELINA, AND JOÃO LOURENÇO NAMED AFRICAN LEADERSHIP MAGAZINE PERSONS OF THE YEAR 2024 appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Currently, over 20% of the 8,200 police officers serving in 17 UN regional offices and field operations are women. This milestone reflects the achievements of the United Nations Police (UNPOL) in meeting the gender parity goals set by the UN Secretary-General for 2025.

READ ALSO: Celebrating UN Day and Its Role in African Peacekeeping

Through innovative approaches to networking, relationship building, and integrating women’s perspectives, UNPOL female officers significantly enhance the operational performance of peacekeeping missions. Their contributions are instrumental in ensuring the missions are more inclusive, culturally sensitive, and effective.

Women recruited from military and police forces currently participate in 12 UN peacekeeping missions worldwide, with six based in Africa and three in the Middle East.

The formal involvement of women in UN peacekeeping missions began in 1957. However, a pivotal moment came in 2007 when India deployed the first all-female, highly skilled, and well-equipped Formed Police Unit to Liberia. This landmark deployment underscored the vital role women play in peacekeeping and marked a turning point in their representation.

Women peacekeepers are often seen as particularly well-suited to humanitarian work, especially in fostering communication with civilian women and children. This perception has led to a gradual but significant increase in their participation in peacekeeping missions over time.

Between 1957 and 1989, only 20 uniformed women participated in peacekeeping missions. By September 2023, this number had risen to 6,200. However, women remain underrepresented in military contingents, comprising less than 10% of the more than 70,000 uniformed peacekeepers, which include over 62,000 servicemen.

Top African Contributors to Female UN Peacekeepers

As of August 2024, the ten African nations contributing the highest number of female police officers to UN peacekeeping deployments are:

1. Rwanda – 678

2. Ghana – 428

3. Senegal – 210

4. Ethiopia – 206

5. Zambia – 225

6. South Africa – 221

7. Cameroon – 121

8. Tanzania – 189

9. Malawi – 106

10. Egypt – 96

The distinct contributions of female peacekeepers are increasingly recognised, highlighting their unique capacity to address challenges in peacekeeping and foster trust within communities.

A Vision for the Future

The rising acknowledgment of women’s contributions to peacekeeping efforts is a step towards a more equitable future. With continued empowerment of African women, the international community can look forward to even greater achievements in UN peacekeeping and beyond.

The post African Women in UN Peacekeeping: Contributions to Gender Parity appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The African Union: Continental Commitment to Peace and Security

Established in 2002, the African Union replaced the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) with a renewed vision for an integrated and prosperous Africa. One of its central objectives is the promotion of peace and security across the continent. The AU’s peace and security framework is anchored in its Peace and Security Council (PSC), a pivotal body for decision-making and conflict prevention.

READ ALSO: How Peace Initiatives in Africa are Driving Economic Development

The African Standby Force (ASF)

A cornerstone of the AU’s security architecture is the African Standby Force (ASF), established to provide rapid-response capacity to peace and security challenges. The ASF consists of regional brigades located in five geographic zones: North, West, East, Central, and Southern Africa. It is equipped to conduct peacekeeping, conflict prevention, and humanitarian assistance missions, with the capability for rapid deployment in crises.

Conflict Prevention and Mediation

The AU prioritises conflict prevention, mediation, and post-conflict reconstruction. Through the Panel of the Wise, an advisory body to the PSC, the AU has developed early warning mechanisms and facilitated dialogue in nations facing tensions or conflict. In countries such as Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, and the Central African Republic, the AU has played a critical role in mediating peace talks and brokering ceasefire agreements.

Regional Efforts: A Unified Front

The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), established in 1975, stands out as a leader in peacekeeping and conflict resolution. Its ECOWAS Standby Force (ESF) has intervened in significant crises, including the civil wars in

Liberia and Sierra Leone during the 1990s, and the political unrest in The Gambia in 2017.
In addition to peacekeeping, ECOWAS has demonstrated its commitment to conflict prevention through its Early Warning and Response Network (ECOWARN) and its Mediation and Security Council. These mechanisms aim to detect emerging crises and mediate disputes before escalation.

The East African Community (EAC) and IGAD

In East Africa, the East African Community (EAC) and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) have been instrumental in addressing security issues, particularly in South Sudan, Somalia, and Sudan.

The EAC has played a significant role in conflict mediation and peacekeeping, including facilitating the Arusha Peace Agreement in Burundi and supporting subsequent stabilisation efforts.

IGAD, comprising member states such as Kenya, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Uganda, has been crucial in addressing the complex conflicts in South Sudan and Somalia. The African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM), supported by IGAD member states, notably Uganda and Kenya, has significantly weakened the terrorist group Al-Shabaab, curbing its territorial control and operational capacity.

The Southern African Development Community (SADC)

The Southern African Development Community (SADC), representing Southern Africa, has also been active in conflict resolution and peacebuilding. For instance, SADC played a key role in mediating dialogue between the government and opposition in Zimbabwe and contributed to intervention efforts during the Second Congo War in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Despite these efforts, achieving long-term stability in the region remains a challenge.

Challenges and the Path Ahead

Despite notable progress, several challenges continue to hinder the effectiveness of the AU and regional organisations. Limited funding, insufficient resources, and inconsistent political will remain significant obstacles. Coordination between the AU, regional organisations, and international actors often falls short, undermining the efficiency of interventions.
Moreover, the complexity of conflicts—exacerbated by ethnic, religious, and political factors—complicates peacebuilding efforts. The rise of non-state actors and extremist groups such as Boko Haram, Al-Shabaab, and the Islamic State further intensifies security threats across the continent.

The African Union and regional organisations like ECOWAS, IGAD, EAC, and SADC have demonstrated a steadfast commitment to addressing insecurity in Africa. Through peacekeeping operations, conflict resolution, and preventive diplomacy, these bodies remain crucial in stabilising the continent.

As Africa continues to face diverse security challenges, the AU and its regional partners must deepen their collaboration, enhance resource mobilisation, and learn from past experiences. Strengthening these efforts will be essential in achieving a more peaceful and secure future for Africa.

The post A Collaborative Approach to Peace and Stability in Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

According to the Institute for Economics and Peace’s 2023 Global Peace Index, 23 of the 30 least peaceful countries in the world are in Africa. Such statistics underscore the urgent need for effective conflict resolution mechanisms. Despite progress, significant gaps remain, particularly in the AU’s ability to address conflicts comprehensively and sustainably.

READ ALSO: Leadership Lessons from Thriving Innovative Energy Startups in Botswana

The Scope of the Challenge

Africa’s security challenges are vast and complex. The Africa Center for Strategic Studies reported over 40 active armed conflicts across the continent in 2022, leading to widespread displacement, loss of life, and economic stagnation. These conflicts also inhibit long-term development and erode regional stability.

Former AU Chairman Hailemariam Desalegn captured this urgency in 2018, stating: “We must silence the guns in Africa and create an environment conducive to development.” However, achieving this vision requires a stronger, more effective AU capable of transcending political divisions and prioritising collective security.

Strengthening the AU: A Multi-Pronged Approach

Enhancing the AU’s role in conflict resolution calls for a comprehensive strategy that addresses funding, capacity building, and collaboration. Key steps include:

Increased Funding for the PSC: The PSC requires sustained financial support to fulfil its mandate effectively. Greater funding can enable the council to strengthen its early warning systems, improve logistical capabilities, and deploy peacekeeping missions rapidly.

Capacity Building: Investing in the training and equipping of peacekeeping personnel is essential. The AU must bolster its mediation and negotiation expertise while improving its ability to deploy resources efficiently. This approach ensures the AU can better anticipate crises and de-escalate conflicts before they escalate.

Preventive Diplomacy: Proactive measures, such as mediation and dialogue, must take precedence over reactive interventions. Late Namibian President Hage Geingob, another former AU Chair, emphasised this, stating: “We must invest in early warning systems, preventive diplomacy, and mediation efforts to nip conflicts in the bud.”

Fostering Cooperation and Partnerships

A central pillar of a stronger AU is fostering cooperation among member states. African nations must prioritise collective action and solidarity to address shared security challenges. Greater unity can strengthen the AU’s ability to resolve disputes and build sustainable peace.

Equally critical is the need to deepen partnerships with regional organisations, international actors, and civil society. By collaborating with entities such as the United Nations, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and non-governmental organisations, the AU can leverage additional resources, expertise, and support.

Civil society groups, in particular, play an indispensable role in peacebuilding. Engaging these organisations ensures that the needs and perspectives of affected communities are integrated into conflict resolution efforts.

Looking Ahead

Africa’s stability hinges on the AU’s ability to fulfil its conflict resolution mandate effectively. Strengthening the AU will not only foster peace but also create a foundation for sustainable development. Former AU Chairman Alpha Omar Konaré succinctly observed: “There can be no development without peace, and there can be no lasting peace without development: they are two sides of the same coin.”

To achieve this vision, African leaders, policymakers, and citizens must collaborate in empowering the AU to overcome current limitations. A stronger and more proactive African Union can lead the way towards a more peaceful and prosperous continent.

The post Developing the African Union’s Role in Resolving Conflicts appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Following the death of its leader, Yevgeny Prigozhin, Wagner’s operations were integrated into Russia’s “Africa Corps” under the Defence Ministry. This restructuring allows Russia to maintain oversight of Wagner’s activities while solidifying its interests on the continent.

In countries like the Central African Republic (CAR), Wagner provides security for political leaders and supports national armies in return for lucrative mining and trade rights. Its operations extend to Libya and Sudan, positioning Wagner as a key regional actor. Beyond military engagements, Russia amplifies its influence through cultural initiatives like the Russian House in CAR, disseminating anti-Western narratives and fostering local connections.

According to a BBC report, Russia offers a “regime survival package” to governments in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger in exchange for access to strategic natural resources. Leaked Russian government documents detail efforts to modify mining laws in West Africa, aiming to displace Western companies and cement Russia’s foothold in the region.

Origins and Evolution of Wagner

Wagner was founded in 2014 by the late Yevgeny Prigozhin, a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Initially established to support Russia’s goals in Ukraine, the group quickly expanded internationally, taking on roles traditionally reserved for state actors.

This arrangement provided the Kremlin with plausible deniability while pursuing strategic objectives abroad. Over time, Wagner’s role shifted from pure military operations to a hybrid model encompassing security, influence campaigns, and resource extraction. Its activities are often framed as “aid,” particularly in fragile states with weak governance.

From Europe to Africa: Follow the Money

Africa’s colonial history left many nations vulnerable to instability, creating opportunities for foreign entities promising security and stability. Recognising this, Russia leveraged Wagner to regain influence lost after the Cold War. By providing military support, Wagner positioned itself as a viable alternative for governments wary of Western oversight.

Wagner’s early interventions in Africa, such as in CAR, initially appeared focused on stabilisation. However, the group’s activities soon extended into economic spheres. In CAR, Wagner’s presence secured Russian access to timber and gold, notably the Ndassima gold mine. A similar pattern is evident in Sudan and Mali, where Wagner negotiated rights to mine uranium, gold, and other valuable resources in exchange for security services. These ventures are often managed through a network of subsidiaries, some of which bypass local businesses and international competitors, consolidating economic control in Russian hands.

Gains or Losses for Africa?

At first glance, Wagner’s military support might seem beneficial for African nations grappling with insurgencies and political unrest. However, these short-term gains come at significant economic and political costs. Wagner typically negotiates deals involving resource concessions instead of direct payments, effectively securing partial control over local economies.

In CAR, for example, Wagner’s involvement in logging, mining, and even brewing—via the First Industrial Company—has driven out local competition and established Russian monopolies. While African governments may retain political stability, the arrangement often leaves their economies at the mercy of Wagner-linked enterprises, with profits funneled back to Russia and little benefit accruing to local communities.

Russia’s Shadow Game

Wagner’s presence in Africa might reflect a calculated Russian strategy to geopolitics that combines military, economic, and diplomatic elements to expand influence. Through Wagner, Russia has gained leverage in international forums, with African nations increasingly aligning with Russian positions in UN votes.

This “shadow game” reveals Russia’s broader ambitions: supporting regimes is a means to an end, ensuring access to strategic resources and political loyalty. Wagner’s operations blur the lines between security provision and economic exploitation, making it a potent tool in Russia’s geopolitical arsenal.

Wagner’s operations in Africa are more than those of a typical mercenary group. They represent Russia’s latest attempt to assert dominance on a continent historically contested by global powers. For African nations, partnering with Wagner offers an immediate solution to pressing security issues but risks long-term economic dependency and resource exploitation.

Ultimately, Wagner embodies a chameleon-like presence in Africa—part security provider, part economic opportunist, and part diplomatic actor. For African leaders, the challenge lies in balancing the immediate benefits of Wagner’s involvement with the potential erosion of sovereignty and national resources. As Wagner continues to expand its footprint, questions remain about who truly benefits from these partnerships and how Africa’s relationship with Russia will evolve in the years to come.

The post Wagner Group in Africa: Security, Business, or Chameleon? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

“Women have a vital role to play in peacebuilding,” says Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Liberia’s first female president and Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. Research from the African Union (AU) supports this, showing that peace agreements with women’s participation are 35% more likely to endure for at least 15 years. Women bring diverse perspectives and a focus on sustainable solutions to peace processes.

Here are some inspiring women leaders shaping Africa’s peacebuilding landscape:

Leymah Gbowee (Liberia): Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2011 for leading a women’s movement that helped end Liberia’s civil war, Gbowee highlights the power of women’s non-violent resistance, stating, “We, the women of Liberia, are tired of war… tired that our children are used as soldiers, tired of being raped and brutalized.”

Shamim Nabuuma (Uganda): Founder and Executive Director of Chil Artificial Intelligence Lab, Nabuuma uses AI for social impact, solving pressing issues in her community and beyond with a focus on technological innovation for the greater good.

Wanuri Kahiu (Kenya): A grassroots peace activist and founder of “Peace Players International,” Kahiu uses basketball to bridge ethnic and religious divides in conflict zones. She underscores the power of youth engagement, saying, “If we invest in young people, they become a powerful tool for peacebuilding.”

Youth: The Future of Peace

Young people are not passive observers; they are active change agents, using social media and technology to promote peace, organize dialogues, and monitor human rights.

Justin Irabor (Nigeria): Founder of the “Youth Initiative for Advocacy, Peace, and Development in Africa” (YIAPDA), Irabor believes, “Young people have the energy, the passion, and the creativity to drive positive change in our communities.”

Sydney Sam (Ghana): A brand strategist and serial entrepreneur, Sam is the creator of Workspace Global, a tech-focused firm providing innovative brand communication services across Ghana and internationally.

Michael Muthiga (Kenya): Founder and CEO of Fatboy Animations, Muthiga uses animation to create impactful content, including educational videos and TV shows, which reach audiences worldwide and inspire young Africans.

Challenges and Opportunities

While many women and young people in peacebuilding initiatives lack formal education and training, investing in targeted training programs can empower them to be even more effective in conflict resolution, negotiation, and community organizing.

Access to technology is also essential for empowering women and youth. In today’s digital age, technology enables communication, information sharing, and collaboration, crucial for mobilizing support and accessing critical information. Providing these groups with digital tools and resources can significantly strengthen their peacebuilding efforts and foster a more inclusive and sustainable society.

A Future Built on Peace

Africa’s future peace depends on its women and youth. By recognizing their agency, equipping them with tools, and amplifying their voices, we can create a continent where peace is not merely a vision but a shared reality.

The post Africa’s Rising Peacemakers: Women and Youth Leading the Way appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

On 24th October, the world observes United Nations Day, commemorating the founding of an institution established to promote peace, justice, and international cooperation. The UN emerged from the devastation of World War II in 1945 with a mission to prevent future conflicts, safeguard human rights, and foster global partnerships. Over nearly eight decades, its impact has been profound, especially in Africa, where peacekeeping and development efforts have significantly shaped the continent’s history.

This year’s UN Day is particularly meaningful, marking the 25th anniversary of the Declaration and Programme of Action on a Culture of Peace. The theme, “Cultivating a Culture of Peace,” highlights the importance of building lasting peace through justice, inclusion, and sustainable development, rather than solely through treaties and diplomacy. Africa, with its complex history of colonialism, civil wars, and political unrest, has been a central focus of the UN’s peacekeeping, development initiatives, and human rights advocacy. Let us explore the UN’s vital role in shaping Africa’s path towards peace and the challenges it continues to address.

A History of Peacekeeping

Africa has been a focal point of UN peacekeeping since the organisation’s early days. From post-colonial conflicts to more recent crises, the continent has hosted some of the UN’s most enduring missions. Today, Africa is home to over 80,000 UN peacekeepers, with some of the largest operations deployed there. These peacekeepers are tasked with preventing violence, protecting civilians, and supporting political transitions towards lasting peace.

Notable UN peacekeeping missions in Africa include MONUSCO (the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo), launched in 1999, which has been crucial in stabilising one of Africa’s most conflict-affected regions. Another key mission, UNMISS (United Nations Mission in South Sudan), has played a significant role in mediating peace agreements and protecting civilians in a country long plagued by civil war.

UNAMID, the joint African Union-UN mission in Darfur, Sudan, was one of the most significant hybrid operations, demonstrating how international cooperation can help resolve conflicts. Despite challenges, these missions reflect the UN’s unwavering commitment to fostering peace and security across Africa.

Peace Through Development and Human Rights Advocacy

The UN’s influence in Africa extends well beyond peacekeeping. It has been instrumental in promoting human rights, justice, and sustainable development—key elements of long-term peace. The UN’s Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16 focuses on promoting peaceful, just, and inclusive societies, and the UN collaborates closely with African nations to meet these goals.

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has been pivotal in supporting governance reforms and socio-economic development across Africa. A 2023 UNDP report highlighted improvements in governance and political stability in nations like Ghana and Rwanda, both of which have seen enhanced peace and development as a result.

Additionally, the Human Rights Council works extensively in Africa to promote and protect human rights. Its Universal Periodic Review process has brought greater accountability and reforms in 42 African countries, advancing critical human rights issues such as freedom of speech, gender equality, and the protection of marginalised communities. These efforts are integral to the UN’s broader peacebuilding strategy.

A key contributor to peace in Africa is the World Food Programme (WFP). In 2023, WFP provided food assistance to 50 million Africans, alleviating hunger in conflict zones and regions affected by climate-related disasters. Addressing food insecurity is vital, as hunger and poverty are often underlying causes of conflict. By combating these issues, the UN helps to prevent violence and create conditions for sustainable peace.

Partnering for Peace

One of the most effective collaborations in Africa has been the partnership between the United Nations and the African Union (AU). This cooperation has resulted in peacekeeping efforts that combine local expertise with global resources, leading to more impactful interventions. A notable example is UNAMID in Darfur, where joint UN-AU efforts helped bring stability to a region long afflicted by ethnic conflict.

In 2017, the AU-UN Framework on Enhanced Partnership in Peace and Security was signed, formalising this collaboration and guiding future peacekeeping and peacebuilding efforts in Africa. Secretary-General António Guterres highlighted the importance of this partnership, stating, “Our partnership with the African Union is one of our greatest strengths in the quest for peace in Africa. Together, we have made progress, but much remains to be done.”

This framework continues to shape the way both organisations respond to security threats across the continent, ensuring that peace efforts are not only reactive but also preventive.

Building a Culture of Peace

As we mark the 25th anniversary of the UN’s Declaration on a Culture of Peace, it is crucial to recognise that achieving peace in Africa involves more than the cessation of violence. A true culture of peace requires justice, respect for human rights, and equal opportunities for all citizens, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or religion.

Countries such as Liberia and Sierra Leone, once devastated by civil wars, have become examples of how the UN’s peacebuilding efforts can help nations transition from conflict to democracy. However, challenges remain, as demonstrated by the ongoing conflicts in Mali, Somalia, and the Central African Republic. The rise of violent extremism in the Sahel poses another serious threat to Africa’s progress towards peace.

The UN Peacebuilding Fund remains a vital resource in conflict-prone areas, providing financial and technical support to prevent violence and foster long-term peace.

Supporting Africa’s Peaceful Future

As we celebrate UN Day 2024, it is vital to reaffirm our commitment to supporting the UN’s efforts in Africa. Governments, civil society, and individuals all have a role to play in building a future where peace is not merely a fleeting moment but a permanent reality.

The UN has laid a strong foundation for peace through its peacekeeping missions, development programmes, and human rights advocacy. Now, it is up to us—citizens, leaders, and global partners—to build upon that foundation. By embracing this year’s theme, “Cultivating a Culture of Peace,” we can ensure that future generations inherit an Africa where conflicts are resolved through dialogue, inclusion, and justice, rather than violence.

Together, we can support Africa on its journey towards a more peaceful and prosperous future.

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