Over the past 30 years, Africa has received more than $1.2 trillion in aid from international donors, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and bilateral partners like the United States and the European Union. However, the results have been mixed, with some scholars arguing that aid has entrenched a cycle of dependency rather than fostering sustainable growth.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Foreign Aid Dependency: The Double-Edged Sword

According to One Data, in 2023, global aid totalled US$223.3 billion, reflecting a 1.6% increase from the previous year (preliminary data). Development Assistance Committee (DAC) donors allocated 0.37% of their Gross National Income (GNI) to aid, falling US$196 billion short of their commitment to spend 0.7% of GNI.

Aid directed to African countries amounted to US$59.7 billion, accounting for 26.8% of total global aid. Distribution by income levels showed that 16.1% of aid went to low-income countries, 23.3% to lower-middle-income countries, 21.8% to upper-middle-income countries, and only 0.2% to high-income countries. Sector-wise, the health sector received US$24.1 billion, representing 10.3% of total aid in 2023. Meanwhile, humanitarian assistance constituted 13.7% of total aid, amounting to US$32.3 billion in 2022.

The latest IMF report on Sub-Saharan Africa paints a picture of modest economic recovery, projecting 4.2% GDP growth in 2025 after a tough decade marred by debt crises and slow industrialisation. However, with continued external financial pressures and rising interest rates, the time has come for Africa to shift from a model of reliance on aid to one driven by strategic investment and self-sustaining economies.

The Financial Burden of Aid

While aid has played a critical role in Africa’s survival, it has also come at a cost. According to the World Bank, Sub-Saharan Africa’s total external debt reached $600 billion in 2023, with nearly 60% of low-income countries at high risk of debt distress. In many cases, aid is accompanied by conditions that restrict economic sovereignty, tying African governments to policies that may not align with their long-term interests.

Moreover, aid often comes in the form of loans rather than grants, leading to spiralling debt that outpaces economic growth. The IMF estimates that Africa’s debt-to-GDP ratio stands at 30% in 2024, up from 28% in 2010. This raises the fundamental question: Can Africa afford to continue on this trajectory?

Investment as a New Growth Engine

Instead of aid, Africa must pivot toward attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and building homegrown industries. In 2023, FDI inflows to Africa stood at $53 billion, significantly lower than Asia’s $620 billion and Latin America’s $208 billion. This disparity highlights the urgent need for Africa to create a more attractive investment climate.

Countries like Rwanda, Ethiopia, and Ghana have made strides in improving their business environments, with Rwanda ranking second in Africa for ease of doing business due to its streamlined regulations and investor-friendly policies. Yet, many African nations still suffer from bureaucratic bottlenecks, weak legal frameworks, and inadequate infrastructure, all of which deter investors.

By focusing on industrialisation, technology, and intra-African trade, the continent can shift from an aid-dependent model to one that thrives on investment. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which aims to create a $3.4 trillion single market, is a step in the right direction, but more action is needed to drive real economic transformation.

How Can This Transition Be Achieved?

Africa’s financial markets remain underdeveloped, limiting access to capital for businesses. According to the IMF, over 12% of Africa’s GDP is financed through local capital markets, compared to 60% in developed economies. By deepening stock exchanges and supporting venture capital, African nations can reduce dependence on external aid.

The private sector is the backbone of any thriving economy. Yet, Africa’s small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) struggle with limited financing and poor regulatory frameworks. By providing tax incentives, reducing bureaucratic hurdles, and improving infrastructure, African governments can create an environment where businesses flourish.

Africa is home to 30% of the world’s mineral resources, including gold, diamonds, and lithium. However, the continent exports raw materials rather than processing them locally. By investing in value-added industries, Africa can increase export revenues and create jobs, reducing the need for foreign aid.

Technology is a game-changer for Africa. The fintech revolution, led by companies like M-Pesa in Kenya and Flutterwave in Nigeria, has proven that African innovation can thrive. Investment in tech hubs, digital banking, and e-commerce will drive economic diversification and increase Africa’s global competitiveness.

The Future Beyond Aid

Despite the challenges, Africa is not standing still. Countries like Ethiopia, Kenya, and South Africa are proving that investment-driven growth is possible. Ethiopia, for instance, has invested heavily in manufacturing, making it one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. Similarly, Kenya’s investment in renewable energy has made it a leader in geothermal power production, reducing reliance on foreign energy imports.

As the world shifts towards a more competitive and multipolar economic order, Africa must rewrite its development narrative. Aid can no longer be the primary driver of progress. Instead, the continent must embrace investment, innovation, and self-reliance to unlock its full potential.

The road ahead is challenging, but the rewards are immense. If Africa succeeds in transitioning from aid to investment, the continent will no longer be seen as a recipient but as a major player in the global economy, a powerhouse of opportunity rather than a land of perpetual need.

The time for rethinking Africa’s development model is now. The data is clear: while aid has provided temporary relief, it has not delivered long-term prosperity. By embracing strategic investment, industrialisation, and financial independence, Africa can build a future where it no longer relies on external assistance but stands as a global economic force.

It is time to move from charity to capital, from dependence to dominance, and from surviving to thriving.

The post Africa Beyond Aid: Rethinking the Development Framework appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

In an era where global narratives about Africa often oscillate between despair and paternalism, Dr Paulin Basinga the newly appointed leader of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Africa, spoke of a vision of philanthropy that prioritizes dignity and partnership over dependency. In an insightful interview with Africa.com, he was clear about his vision: “Africa is not a charity case. It’s a continent full of potential—and our job is to work with others to help unlock it.”

For Basinga, the opening of these offices is not merely symbolic. It signals a long-term commitment to embedding philanthropy into Africa’s local ecosystems in a way that strengthens, rather than substitutes, existing structures. “Philanthropy must catalyze change, not overshadow governments or the private sector,” he explains.

As Africa faces intersecting challenges—from climate change to food insecurity—Basinga acknowledges that philanthropy alone cannot solve them. But he remains hopeful. “Our role is to spark the kind of innovation and collaboration that leads to lasting change,” he says.

Expanding presence for greater impact

With new offices in Senegal and Kenya, Basinga is leading the foundation into a new era of proximity and partnership. This move, he insists, is not about expanding influence but about deepening impact. “We learned over time that proximity to policymakers and local communities makes a significant difference in scaling sustainable solutions,” he says, reflecting on the evolution of the foundation’s strategy.

The recent development in Kenya and Senegal is very important as it enables the Foundation to cover the three main Africa regions, thus creating sub-regional hubs. Basinga said, “Expanding our footprint highlights our commitment to a long-lasting relationship with Africa.”

Building local capacity, not dependence

Basinga’s career has been shaped by his experiences across the continent—from leading health reforms in Rwanda to strengthening health systems in Ethiopia and Nigeria. It’s a perspective that allows him to see both the opportunities and pitfalls of global philanthropy. He’s quick to acknowledge the dangers of dependence on external funding. “We need to ask ourselves: How do we ensure governments and local institutions sustain these efforts when philanthropy steps back?”

The newly opened offices in Senegal and Kenya will deepen partnerships across Africa and work to support local health initiatives while fostering stronger regional collaboration. Central to these efforts is a focus on health system strengthening—what Basinga calls the “bedrock” of sustainable development. “The aim is not to replace government functions but to enhance their capacity to deliver better services,” he explains. This includes everything from supporting data systems that improve vaccine distribution to funding local research institutions that can lead Africa’s health innovations.

Leveraging diverse experience

Basinga’s diverse roles within the foundation have equipped him with a deep understanding of African priorities. From his early work in Rwanda on public health reforms to leading the global policy advocacy team in Seattle, his multifaceted experience spans health system strengthening, human capital development, and economic empowerment. Reflecting on his journey, he says, “Each role allowed me to gain both technical expertise and a deep understanding of African priorities. Now, as I lead our Africa team, I’m applying these experiences to foster a comprehensive approach.”

Health, innovation, and trust

At the heart of Basinga’s mission is a drive to ensure Africa becomes a leader in health innovation. He sees locally-led research and production as essential not just for improving access to medicines but for rebuilding trust in health systems. “If vaccines are researched, produced, and distributed in Africa, they will be trusted more,” he argues.

The foundation is already backing initiatives to make this a reality, from the African Medicines Agency, which will strengthen regulatory frameworks, to the Africa Clinical Trial Network, which is equipping research sites across the continent. “These investments aren’t just about infrastructure. They’re about fostering self-reliance and trust,” he says.

Redefining philanthropy’s role in Africa

Basinga’s vision is not without its critics. As philanthropic organizations like the Gates Foundation expand their footprint, some argue they risk entrenching global power imbalances or setting priorities that don’t align with local needs. But Basinga is adamant that his foundation approach is different.

“Being African shapes how I lead,” he says. With roots in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, and fluency in multiple African languages, Basinga sees his identity as a bridge between global expertise and local realities. “We’re not here to impose solutions. Our role is to listen, to respect local knowledge, and to support the changes Africans are already driving.”

This philosophy extends to how the foundation engages the private sector. The foundation has pioneered innovative financing models, such as partnering with banks to lower borrowing costs for smallholder farmers. Yet, Basinga is clear about the limits of philanthropy. “Our return on investment is measured in human impact, not financial gain,” he says.

Basinga highlighted the importance of conducting vaccine research and production within Africa to build public trust and ensure the availability of effective vaccines. He mentioned, “Engaging African researchers and strengthening the vaccine value chain, from clinical trials to production, is crucial.”  Initiatives like the African Clinical Trial Network and support for local manufacturers such as Revital in Kenya and Institut Pasteur in Dakar are crucial for developing a self-sustaining health ecosystem.

Basinga emphasized the pivotal role of philanthropy in addressing market failures, particularly in health innovation. He explained, “Philanthropy plays a crucial role in development but is most effective when strategically applied.” Initiatives like GAVI have significantly increased vaccine availability by mobilizing funds and enhancing immunization systems. The foundation continues to support early-stage research and innovation, such as developing new tuberculosis vaccines, and enhances government functions through data analysis and support services.

Health, agriculture, and women’s empowerment are priorities

The foundation’s top priorities in Africa include health with a focus on polio eradication, combating infectious diseases, reducing maternal and child mortality, and strengthening health systems. Agriculture is also a priority with a focus on supporting climate adaptation, improving access to seeds and fertilizers to boost sustainable agricultural productivity. The foundation is also in the inclusive finance space enhancing financial access for women and smallholder farmers to promote economic empowerment. The foundation also supports literacy and numeracy in primary schools through evidence-based policies as well as digital public infrastructure that enables countries to safely deliver economic opportunities and social services.

Conclusion

Paulin Basinga’s strategic vision for the Gates Foundation in Africa embodies a commitment to sustainable, impactful development through localized engagement, strategic partnerships, and a deep understanding of the continent’s diverse needs. Basinga, with more than thirteen years of experience within the foundation and wide-ranging experience working in different African countries, feels he is ready to lead the organization to a successful and sustainable future on the continent.

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Martha Ndirangu with Paulin Basinga

Paulin Basinga with chicken – Photo credit Brian Otiengo

The post Philanthropy Must Catalyze Change, Says Gates Foundation Africa Director appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Corporate philanthropy involves voluntary actions by businesses to donate resources—such as money, goods, or services—to charitable causes or community initiatives. Examples include sponsoring local events, supporting charities, or establishing foundations to fund social programmes. This approach is often seen as a way for companies to “give back” to society, enhance community welfare, or improve their brand image.

The motivations for corporate philanthropy vary. Some organisations engage in philanthropy to fulfil ethical obligations, while others aim to boost their reputation or strengthen employee morale. However, this approach can be reactive, often disconnected from a company’s core operations and strategic objectives.

Strategic CSR: A Long-Term Perspective

In contrast, strategic CSR aligns social and environmental initiatives with a company’s overall business strategy. This integrated model emphasises a long-term commitment to addressing societal issues while simultaneously advancing business goals. Unlike corporate philanthropy, strategic CSR seeks to create shared value by benefiting both society and the business itself.

For example, a company might adopt sustainable supply chain practices to reduce its environmental impact while also improving operational efficiency and brand loyalty. Strategic CSR initiatives are designed to be measurable, ensuring accountability and continuous improvement. This contrasts with philanthropic efforts, which often focus on immediate relief rather than long-term solutions and can be harder to quantify in terms of impact.

Integration and Stakeholder Engagement

A key distinction between the two approaches lies in their integration with the company’s core mission. Corporate philanthropy often operates independently of a business’s strategic framework, whereas strategic CSR is deeply embedded in it. As such, strategic CSR requires a comprehensive understanding of stakeholder needs and a collaborative approach to addressing social challenges.

Engaging with employees, customers, and communities fosters a more inclusive process, enabling companies to co-create solutions that lead to sustainable outcomes. This stakeholder-centric approach strengthens relationships and enhances the overall impact of CSR initiatives.

The Business Case for Strategic CSR

The shift from traditional corporate philanthropy to strategic CSR reflects changing priorities among consumers and investors. Ethical business practices and social responsibility are increasingly critical factors influencing purchasing decisions and investment strategies. Research indicates that companies with robust CSR programmes often outperform their peers financially, attract top talent, and enjoy greater customer loyalty.

In an age where transparency and accountability are paramount, consumers are more inclined to support brands that demonstrate a genuine commitment to addressing societal and environmental challenges. Strategic CSR enables businesses to integrate these values into their operations, creating a stronger connection with stakeholders and building lasting trust.

Balancing Immediate Needs and Sustainable Impact

While philanthropy plays an essential role in meeting immediate community needs, strategic CSR offers a framework for achieving sustainable impact. By embedding social good into their business models, companies can align societal benefit with their core values and long-term objectives.

The future of corporate responsibility lies in this integration, creating a win-win scenario where businesses drive social progress while enhancing their own performance. As organisations continue to evolve, adopting strategic CSR will be critical in redefining their role in a socially conscious world.

The post Corporate Philanthropy vs. Strategic CSR: Redefining Business Responsibility appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Several organisations, including the Tony Elumelu Foundation, Books for Africa, the TY Danjuma Foundation, and the Little Brinks Foundation. These organizations focus on various causes, including education, health, and economic development across the continent.

Private philanthropies constitute the majority of foundations supporting development across Africa in areas such as welfare, child education, primary healthcare, entrepreneurship, sustainable housing, and more.

According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, private philanthropy for sustainable development has been growing over time. In 2020, over 40 of the largest private philanthropic foundations provided almost USD 10 billion in support of developing countries. In 2021, private grants for development reached nearly USD 11 billion. Countries in Eastern and Western Africa, along with South Asia received the largest volumes of philanthropic finance during 2018-20.

Health and population policy accounted for 56% of private philanthropy, followed by civil society development and human rights, agriculture, and education. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that private donors prioritised the most were gender equality (SDG 5), partnerships (SDG 17), no poverty (SDG 1), good health and well-being (SDG 3), and reduced inequalities (SDG 10). The majority of private philanthropy is channelled towards specific projects or programmes through non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and research institutes. These private philanthropic foundations have significantly increased their funding for climate action in developing countries.

These private philanthropies are empowering Africans through homegrown efforts tailored to meet the diverse needs of the continent. This powerful force is playing a vital role in supporting local initiatives and fostering sustainable growth within communities.

Several factors have contributed to the rise of African philanthropy, with economic growth being at the forefront. Over the past two decades, Africa has seen considerable economic expansion, with several countries experiencing substantial GDP growth. This economic boom has given rise to a new class of African entrepreneurs and business leaders who are increasingly turning their wealth towards philanthropy.

Africa has a rich history of solidarity and communal support that has helped it survive and thrive through countless obstacles, whether natural or man-made. It is therefore logical for these homegrown charities to partner with host communities, who are best positioned to identify the issues that affect them most.

As governments work to improve transparency and accountability, there is a growing recognition of the role that private individuals and organisations can play in driving social change. This has been coupled with the rise of civil society movements, which have become powerful advocates for social justice and equity.

These charities are doing more than merely aiding the development of Africa; they are reshaping the narrative, challenging pre-existing negative stereotypes, and demonstrating to the world that Africa can indeed conceive homegrown solutions to its challenges and address them directly.

As more homegrown charities rise to the occasion, there is hope that Africa’s future will be one of ingenuity, self-reliance, and excellence across all sectors, positioning the continent as a respected player in global affairs. Looking ahead, African philanthropy is set to play a critical role in creating a future where the youth lead sustainable growth and community development. Through collaboration, local problem-solving, and investment in young people, philanthropic initiatives are not only improving lives but also paving the way for a brighter future for the continent.

The post African Philanthropy is on the Rise and Here’s Why appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Despite often being overshadowed by governmental and private sector initiatives, NGOs and CSOs make multifaceted and profound contributions to Africa’s socio-economic progress. They advocate for human rights, gender equality, and environmental sustainability, influencing policy decisions at local, national, and regional levels. NGOs are contributors to the redistribution and transformation of necessary longer-term solutions that tackle the causes of socio-economic problems

Some of the functions and roles of NGOs and CSOs play in Africa are as follows:

Advocacy and Policy Influence: NGOs and CSOs in Africa have served as advocates for critical policy reforms and implementation across the continent. These organisations mediate the sufferings of the people; at local, national, and regional levels to those at the corridors of power. They advocate for human rights, gender equality, and environmental sustainability. They influence policy decisions that shape intra-African trade, governance, and development strategies.

Community Development and Empowerment: These organizations bring about initiatives that directly impact communities across Africa on the grassroot level. From healthcare and education to agriculture and infrastructure development, NGOs and CSOs assist local populations in improving living conditions. NGOs and CSOs through training programs, workshops, and skill development initiatives offer capacity building and enhance the capabilities of people, community leaders, and institutions at the grassroot.  The Centre of Economic and Leadership Development (CELD) and its Skills Acquisition Trainings initiative in Rivers State, Nigeria, is one of many empowerment initiatives carried out by these organisations.

Promotion of Peace and Conflict Resolution: NGOs and CSOs have been very crucial in promoting peace and humanitarian aid in regions affected by conflict and instability. They have helped facilitate peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts in war and security-sensitive regions facilitating dialogue among conflicting parties, promoting tolerance, and supporting initiatives for post-conflict reconstruction.

Accountability and Transparency: NGOs and CSOs have acted as watchdogs, monitoring government policy formulation, and actions, holding authorities accountable for flouting their commitments to development goals and human rights. They promote transparency, good governance, and the rule of law, for the benefit of African communities.

Collaboration and Networking Across Border: NGOS and CSOs bring about cross-border cooperation among African countries. This is actualized by creating regional networks and partnerships with institutions, governmental bodies and individuals aimed at bolstering regional integration. The CELD annual South America – Africa – Middle East – Asia Women Summit (SAMEAWS) is one of these networks that brings together key stakeholders to demonstrate the role of women to the future of global economics.

Innovation and Technology Advancement: Through their partnerships and networks, NGOs and CSOs leverage innovation and technological advancements in a bid to address the challenges in Africa. Digital technology and climate-friendly innovations in areas like; agriculture, healthcare, education, and environmental conservation bring about sustainable development across the African continent.

NGOs and CSOs are pivotal players in the development of African and have been very influential in attaining the heights that the continent has achieved so far. Through their contributions, people at the grassroot have been given opportunities at better lives. Their efforts have complimented the efforts of governments and bridged the gaps in the service delivery and policy implementation across Africa. Their position in the growth of Africa remains pivotal in fostering inclusive growth, resilience, and prosperity across the continent

The post Role of NGOs and Civil Society Organizations in Intra-African Development appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

However, Africa boasts a rich history of philanthropy that spans centuries. Various forms of giving and generosity have been integral to African cultures long before Western concepts of charity emerged. Many impactful philanthropic initiatives in Africa are often not widely covered in global media as other high-profile global issues and humanitarian priorities.

Ancient African societies embraced community-based philanthropy as a moral obligation to support those in need. For instance, in traditional Yoruba culture in West Africa, the concept of “Ìfifúnni” embodies the belief in sharing without expecting reciprocity. The Yorùbás are known for their hospitality and kindness, extending generosity not only within their clans but also to outsiders.

Similarly, in many African cultures, “ubuntu” or “humanity towards others” emphasized the importance of helping one another. African extended families, clans, and villages traditionally share resources and ensure the well-being of all members. This translates into various forms of giving, including:

Zakat: A mandatory charitable contribution in Islam, practised by millions across Africa. Statistics show Zakat’s contributions reach billions of dollars annually, funding education, healthcare, and social welfare initiatives.

Ubuntu (South Africa) and Harambee (Kenya): These philosophies emphasize interconnectedness and collective responsibility. Ubuntu translates to “humanity towards others,” while Harambee means “pulling together in unity.” Both encourage mutual support within communities.

Esusu (West Africa): Rotating savings and credit associations where members contribute regularly, allowing individuals access to lump sums for emergencies or ventures.

In-kind Donations: Sharing food, labour, and skills is another prevalent form of giving. It strengthens social bonds and ensures basic needs are met within communities.

Modern Africa is witnessing a surge in philanthropic activity. Here’s how the landscape is evolving:

READ ALSO: A Life of Service: Helen Oritsejafor’s Philanthropic Legacy

Rise of African Philanthropists: High-net-worth individuals increasingly invest in causes aligned with their values. For instance, the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, founded by Sudanese billionaire Mo Ibrahim, advocates for good governance in Africa.

Diaspora Giving: Africans abroad contribute significantly through remittances exceeding $100 billion annually, supporting families and local development initiatives. 

Grassroots Movements: Community-based organizations innovate local solutions, often leveraging crowdfunding and local fundraising to address pressing challenges.

By acknowledging Africa’s rich history of giving and celebrating its modern expressions, we can create a more nuanced understanding of philanthropy. This shift empowers Africans to define their giving narrative and fosters a collaborative approach to development.

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According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), over 90 million people are living with disabilities in Africa, with the majority living in low- and middle-income countries. Despite the challenges, African innovators are rising to the occasion, developing innovative solutions that are empowering people with disabilities to break down barriers and achieve their full potential.

African innovation is driven by a deep understanding of local needs and a spirit of resourcefulness. These innovations from African entrepreneurs aim to address social and educational issues on the continent. AbleBooks by Aanuoluwa Omoleye from Nigeria aims to provide illustrated storybooks featuring children with disabilities as the main characters, promoting representation and inclusivity in education. This initiative targets nursery, primary, and secondary schools in Africa, particularly in Nigeria, to provide a sense of community and connection for children with disabilities.

Other innovations that focus on accessibility and communication for people with disabilities include the Sign-IO Gloves by Roy Allela from Kenya uses sensors to translate sign language into spoken words, revolutionizing deaf communication in Africa. Meanwhile, Low-cost mobility aids by APTERS organization from Zambia create affordable assistive devices using cardboard and recycled paper, such as papier maché chairs, standing frames, walking aids, and teaching blocks for physical therapy.

These innovations have the potential to greatly impact the lives of people with disabilities across Africa.

Beyond Inventions: A Ripple Effect of Empowerment

These innovations are not just about technology; they are about creating a more inclusive society. By fostering skills development, increasing accessibility, and challenging negative perceptions, these initiatives empower people with disabilities to reach their full potential.

The impact of these innovations is far-reaching. Children in Uganda are now learning braille with Braille Bricks, while Sign-IO Gloves are helping deaf communication. The AbleBooks are fostering communication and breaking down barriers for deaf individuals across Nigeria.

A Call to Action: Building a More Inclusive Future

These stories are a testament to the ingenuity and resilience of Africa’s innovators. As we celebrate their achievements, it’s crucial to support their efforts through funding, mentorship, and infrastructure development. By working together, we can create a future where disability is not a barrier, but an opportunity for innovation and inclusion.

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In a world often clouded by self-interest and greed, rare individuals emerge whose lives emanate hope and compassion, inspiring us all to strive for a brighter tomorrow. Dr. Helen Oritsejafor exemplifies this exceptional character. She is not only a philanthropist, social entrepreneur, and tireless advocate for women’s empowerment but also a beacon of selflessness and transformative leadership. With unwavering dedication, she has devoted her life to uplifting others and profoundly impacting their lives. Her story transcends mere acts of generosity; it is a testament to her relentless pursuit of transforming communities and effecting lasting change. Through her example, Dr. Oritsejafor illustrates that true leadership is defined by service to others.

Born into a family that deeply valued education and community service, Helen Oritsejafor absorbed these principles and carried them forward with unwavering commitment, making it clear from a young age that she was destined to make a difference. Her journey into philanthropy was not a mere career choice but a calling that grew stronger over the years, culminating in the establishment of the Helen Oritsejafor Foundation in 2013 and the Dr. Helen, A Hand To The Needy Foundation in 2021. Her philanthropic activities have been centered on empowering women and girls through education, healthcare, and economic initiatives, focusing on literacy, vocational training, and microfinance programs, which have positively impacted thousands of lives across Africa. Her foundation also provides crucial support to communities affected by natural disasters, conflict, and poverty, reflecting her broad commitment to social welfare and demonstrating her dedication to making a lasting difference.

In 2019, Dr. Oritsejafor organized an empowerment scheme where over 500 individuals were trained in various enterprises, ranging from poultry and fishery to fashion design, both theoretically and practically. She not only provided the necessary training but also financially empowered them with millions of Naira as startup capital, enabling them to purchase starter packs for their various enterprises. Through her foundation, Dr. Helen “A Hand to the Needy Foundation,” she provided financial support to small and medium-scale enterprises that were severely affected by the coronavirus pandemic. She offered startup capital ranging from N300, 000 to N500, 000, helping these businesses to recover and sustain their operations, mitigating the economic impact of the pandemic, and allowing entrepreneurs to rebuild their livelihoods and continue contributing to the local economy.

In October 2021, she began by empowering about 500 widows with cash and food items, addressing their immediate needs and providing them with a sense of security. She is currently still empowering over 3,000 market women in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria, helping them to stay mobilized on the social strata and boost their trade and income. By focusing on these vulnerable groups, she aims to create a more inclusive economy where everyone has the opportunity to thrive, regardless of their circumstances.

In December 2021, as a means to extend her hand of love and put a smile on the faces of the less privileged despite the economic challenges, she reached out to both individuals and families in dire need in the remote parts of society. She empowered them with food items and cash donations, ensuring they were well-equipped to celebrate the festive season with a joyful heart. This act of kindness not only provided immediate relief but also fostered a sense of community and solidarity, reminding people that they are not alone in their struggles.

Helen Oritsejafor’s philanthropic endeavors have continued to reflect her relentless dedication to societal growth in recent years, empowering widows and providing succor to them. Her leadership qualities and exceptional understanding of human needs are a force to reckon with, as she consistently demonstrates a deep commitment to uplifting others. Her initiatives reflect a holistic approach to empowerment, addressing both immediate needs and long-term development, and her unwavering dedication serves as an inspiration to all who seek to make a positive impact in the world. Currently, her expanded initiatives include continued support for SMEs with financial assistance and training, educational scholarships, and community development projects.

Helen’s exceptional contributions have earned her numerous accolades, including being named the African Philanthropist of the Year 2022 by the African Leadership Magazine.

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Their journey in Nigeria was not just about diplomatic appearances; it was a personal exploration for Meghan, who discovered her Nigerian heritage in a touching moment on her Archetypes podcast in 2022. The Duchess of Sussex, deeply moved by this connection, expressed her joy in sharing this voyage with the people of Nigeria.

Invited by Nigeria’s Chief of Defense Staff, Meghan, and Harry’s visit was marked by various engagements, including meetings with students, military personnel, and leaders from different sectors. They actively participated in events aimed at promoting mental health awareness, women’s leadership, and sports empowerment.

Meghan delivered poignant speeches during the tour.  At Lightway Academy, the couple’s presence was met with exuberant cheers and performances by local dancers and singers. They emphasized the importance of addressing mental health, stressing that everyone, regardless of age, experiences mental health challenges and should prioritize self-care. Meghan spoke on the importance of breaking the stigma surrounding mental health issues and encouraged open conversations, reminding everyone that “there is no need to suffer in silence.” Harry, too, echoed similar sentiments, highlighting the significance of seeking support during challenging times.

Harry remarked, “Too many people don’t want to talk about it ’cause it’s invisible. It’s something in our mind that we can’t see. It’s not like a broken leg, it’s not like a broken wrist.” He encouraged open dialogue about mental health, stating, “Every single person in this room, the youngest, the oldest, every single person has mental health. So therefore, you have to look after yourself to be able to look after other people.”

Their visit wasn’t just about formalities; Meghan and Harry engaged in lively interactions with students, sharing personal anecdotes and even enjoying classroom games. Their genuine connection with the people they met left a lasting impression, evident in the warm reception they received throughout their stay.

As they immersed themselves in Nigerian culture, Meghan and Harry also paid homage to their hosts by embracing traditional attire and participating in local customs. Their willingness to embrace the Nigerian heritage endeared them even more to the hearts of the people.

On the second day of their tour, the couple attended events focused on sports recovery and women’s leadership. Meghan co-hosted and contributed to a women’s leadership event alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director of the World Trade Organization. The event was focused on the importance of female representation in leadership roles.

She expressed gratitude for the warm reception in Nigeria and shared her journey of discovering her Nigerian heritage. 

On the third day of their trip, the royal couple engaged in a basketball event hosted by the Giants of Africa Foundation in Lagos. This organization, led by Masai Ujiri, a vice president of an NBA team, aims to empower youth through sports involvement. Harry, a fervent supporter of sports empowerment, joined athletes and actively participated in dribbling basketballs with children during the foundation’s exhibition event, emphasizing the transformative power of sports to unite communities without barriers.

As a former army captain who served in Afghanistan, Prince Harry initiated the Invictus Games a decade ago, providing a platform for wounded veterans to participate in sporting events as part of their rehabilitation. He also engaged in a seated volleyball match with Nigerian veterans, highlighting their resilience amid combat challenges, particularly in the fight against jihadist insurgents and criminal groups in the country’s north.

The tour culminated in a series of memorable moments, including a vibrant reception at the State Governor House in Lagos and a charity polo match at the prestigious Ikoyi Polo Club. Meghan’s radiant presence, coupled with Harry’s affable demeanor, illuminated every event they attended, leaving behind an indelible mark on all who had the privilege of meeting them.

As Meghan and Harry bid farewell to Nigeria, their visit has left a positive impact; strengthening ties between the two nations and also serving as an inspiration to many leaders across the world. It reveals the potential for high-profile figures to effect positive change through genuine connection and advocacy. Their embrace of Nigerian culture and heritage challenges stereotypes and fosters a greater understanding of the richness and diversity of African culture, countering misconceptions.

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Libya and Italy have a long history together, dating back to Italy’s colonial era that ended in the middle of the 20th century. Despite the tumultuous past, contemporary relations have been shaped by mutual interests, including energy cooperation, migration management, and countering terrorism. Despite the turbulent past, shared objectives in managing migration, preventing terrorism, and collaborating in the energy sector have molded relations today.

Italy’s motivations for engagement in Libya are multifaceted. As stated by Emma Marcegaglia, former President of Confindustria (2008), “Italy has significant economic and security interests in Libya, including access to energy resources and the need to stem illegal immigration flows.” Italy, like other European nations, faces the challenge of managing migration flows originating from North Africa. Additionally, Italian companies, particularly in the energy sector, have historical and ongoing economic interests in Libya.

Italy faces a number of obstacles in its efforts to provide aid in Libya, from political complications to practical obstacles. Navigating Libya’s fractured political landscape, which is defined by competing governments, militias, and outside entities fighting for dominance, is one of the biggest challenges. The efficacy of aid distribution is hampered by this fragmentation, which makes coordination more difficult.

Moreover, security issues provide serious challenges to the delivery of help. Humanitarian workers’ safety is put in danger by the existence of armed organizations and the possibility of violence, which also makes it difficult to reach vulnerable populations. The humanitarian crisis is further exacerbated by Libya’s inadequate institutional capability and infrastructure, which make it difficult to distribute relief effectively.

Italy is still dedicated to helping Libya’s efforts at stabilization and reconstruction in spite of these obstacles. It was highlighted by Italian Foreign Minister Luigi Di Maio that “Italy is ready to contribute to the reconstruction of Libya and relaunch cooperation projects in various sectors, including infrastructure, health, education, and culture.”

The Italian government’s relief operations in Libya have a number of domestic and global ramifications. Italy’s desire to protect its interests and establish itself as a major player in Mediterranean affairs is reflected in its participation in Libya. Italy hopes to lessen security threats coming from Libya and increase its regional influence by taking the initiative in aid delivery.

Italy’s involvement in Libya relates to larger international dynamics within NATO and the European Union (EU). Italy, a member of both organizations, tries to coordinate its policies with EU programs that stabilize Libya and deal with the underlying reasons of migration. Furthermore, Italy’s involvement in international initiatives emphasizes how crucial burden-sharing and teamwork are when handling complicated humanitarian emergencies.

But there are also moral and strategic questions raised by Italy’s relief operations in Libya. Opponents contend that Italy’s intervention may have been motivated by self-interest, such as gaining access to Libya’s oil reserves and reducing the country’s migrant population. Furthermore, Italy’s tight ties to some Libyan forces have sparked questions about whether its assistance delivery is in line with political goals, which could compromise the objectivity and neutrality of humanitarian efforts.

Looking ahead, a comprehensive strategy that tackles the underlying causes of instability and fosters sustainable development is needed for Italy’s aid delivery operations in Libya. To promote long-term resilience, this means giving inclusive governance, institution-building, and economic diversification a priority. To capitalize on shared knowledge and resources, Italy should also work closely with its international allies, such as the UN, the EU, and neighboring countries.

Additionally, Italy’s aid delivery operations in Libya must respect the humanitarian standards of impartiality, independence, and neutrality. Italy can improve the efficacy and legitimacy of its initiatives by putting the needs of impacted populations first and staying away from politics. Furthermore, Italy ought to fund programs aimed at enhancing local institutions’ capacity and enabling Libyan communities to take charge of their own development.

Italy’s efforts to provide help in Libya are a complex undertaking influenced by strategic considerations, humanitarian needs, and historical legacies. Italy is still dedicated to helping stabilize and rebuild Libya despite a number of obstacles, including as political division and security threats. Going forward, Italy needs to take a comprehensive strategy that upholds humanitarian ideals, fosters international cooperation, and tackles the underlying causes of instability and sustainable development.

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