Military Modernisation: Enhancing Defence Capabilities

Recent data from Global Firepower (GFP) highlights the significant advancements in Africa’s military strength, particularly in the realm of Armoured Fighting Vehicles (AFVs). These include tanks, infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs), and armoured personnel carriers (APCs), which form critical components of modern military strategy. Egypt leads the continent with an impressive arsenal of 41,012 combat tanks, placing it 12th globally, a reflection of its prioritisation of ground force capabilities.

READ ALSO: Military Innovation: Africa’s Growing Satellite Network

Other nations such as Algeria, South Africa, and Nigeria also feature prominently, investing heavily in the expansion and modernisation of their armoured fleets. South Africa’s defence industry is particularly noteworthy, with its production of indigenous vehicles like the Rooikat, showcasing the potential for domestic manufacturing to elevate military self-reliance. These advancements significantly enhance operational effectiveness, protect troops, and enable rapid responses to diverse threats.

Challenges Facing Africa’s Defence Sector

Despite this progress, Africa’s defence sector faces numerous challenges, including:
Funding Constraints: Many African nations allocate limited budgets to defence compared to developmental needs. This restricts the procurement of advanced technology and hinders modernisation efforts.

Political Instability: Internal conflicts and political instability disrupt the continuity of defence initiatives and impede strategic planning and operations.

Technological Gaps: While there has been an increase in military assets, many countries struggle with integrating modern warfare technologies such as cybersecurity, reconnaissance, and intelligence capabilities.

Supply Chain Dependencies: A heavy reliance on foreign arms suppliers limits autonomy in decision-making regarding defence strategies, leaving countries vulnerable to international geopolitical shifts.

Solutions for Strengthening Defence

To address these challenges, several strategic solutions can be pursued:

Increased Investment in Defence: Governments should aim to allocate a greater proportion of their budgets to defence, ensuring a balance with developmental needs. Regional cooperation and funding from international partners could help augment these investments.

Capacity Building through Regional Collaboration: Enhanced collaboration between nations—including shared intelligence, resources, and training programmes—is vital. Initiatives such as the African Standby Force can deepen regional partnerships and prepare for collective security challenges.

Emphasising Domestic Production: Encouraging local manufacturing of military equipment can reduce dependence on foreign suppliers while stimulating local economies. Investments in Africa’s defence technology sector could yield sustainable and innovative solutions.

Enhancing Research and Development: Establishing centres for defence research and fostering partnerships with universities can drive advancements in military technology tailored to Africa’s specific challenges.

Addressing Non-Traditional Security Threats: Broader definitions of security, encompassing cyber threats, climate change, and health crises, should be integrated into military strategies to ensure a comprehensive approach to national security.

Africa’s Role in Global Security

As African nations strengthen their military capabilities, there is an opportunity to contribute significantly to global security efforts. The African Union’s initiatives in conflict resolution and peacekeeping have already positioned the continent as a vital player in international security dialogues. Enhanced military preparedness would enable African nations to provide effective responses to regional crises, thus bolstering global stability in an increasingly interconnected world.

Africa’s military modernisation represents more than an isolated objective; it is a strategic pathway towards enhanced national and continental security. By addressing the challenges facing the defence sector and implementing effective solutions, Africa can safeguard its interests while playing a pivotal role in fostering a more secure global landscape. As nations continue to build their military capabilities to defend sovereignty and promote peace, the continent stands poised to become an influential force for stability both regionally and globally.

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Rise of Regional Courts

One significant step toward judicial independence in Africa is the establishment of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (AfCHPR) in 2004. Based in Arusha, Tanzania, the AfCHPR promotes human rights and provides recourse for individuals who cannot obtain justice in their own countries. Although the court has issued influential rulings, only 31 of the 55 African Union member states have ratified its founding protocol, and even fewer permit direct citizen access to the court.

Tanzania and Political Rights

In 2016, Tanzanian opposition leader Ally Rajabu challenged Tanzania’s election laws at the AfCHPR, arguing that they restricted citizens’ political participation. The court ruled in his favour, finding that Tanzania’s restrictions on independent candidacies violated democratic rights. This decision was a landmark in reinforcing electoral rights across Africa. However, Tanzania later withdrew individual access to the AfCHPR, underscoring the delicate balance between national sovereignty and the court’s authority.

National Judiciary Transformations

On a national level, several African countries have enacted substantial judicial reforms to enhance access to justice, accountability, and legal representation for marginalised communities. Significant cases in Kenya, South Africa, and Ghana illustrate a shift towards independent, transparent courts willing to challenge political powers.

Kenya’s Annulled Election

Kenya’s 2017 presidential election marked a milestone in judicial independence. The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice David Maraga, annulled the initial election results due to irregularities and ordered a new election. This courageous ruling underscored the judiciary’s autonomy from political pressure and was hailed internationally, establishing Kenya as a beacon of democratic integrity in East Africa. However, the decision also heightened political tensions, illustrating the risks associated with judicial independence in politically charged cases.

South Africa’s Battle Against Corruption

South Africa’s judiciary, particularly the Constitutional Court, has played a pivotal role in fighting government corruption. Recent rulings against former President Jacob Zuma, including a 15-month prison sentence for contempt of court, reinforced the judiciary’s commitment to holding powerful figures accountable. These verdicts boosted public confidence in the judiciary and cemented its role as a defender of democracy.

Judicial Challenges Across Africa

Despite these advancements, African judiciaries still face significant obstacles, including political interference, limited funding, and infrastructural challenges. In Nigeria, judicial corruption remains a persistent issue, undermining public trust. The Judicial Panel of Inquiry on Police Brutality, set up in response to the #EndSARS protests, exemplifies both the potential and limitations of Nigerian courts. While the panel documented extensive rights abuses, political resistance has hindered legal recourse for many victims, highlighting the tension between judicial efforts and executive power.

Nigeria’s Judiciary and the End SARS Movement

In 2020, Nigerian youth led the #EndSARS protests against police violence, prompting the formation of the Judicial Panel of Inquiry to investigate abuse claims. The panel’s findings revealed widespread rights violations, but political resistance has stalled justice for many affected individuals, illustrating the judiciary’s struggle to confront systemic issues rooted in political and law enforcement institutions.

Expanding Access to Justice

To bridge gaps in access to justice, some African countries have introduced mobile courts and digital case management systems. In Uganda, mobile courts have expanded legal access for remote communities, enabling them to seek legal redress more easily. Rwanda and Ghana, meanwhile, have implemented digital systems to expedite case processing and improve transparency, reflecting broader moves to modernise judicial systems across Africa.

Rwanda’s Digital Justice Reforms

Rwanda’s judiciary has pioneered digitalisation, allowing citizens to file cases and monitor progress online. These innovations have reduced case backlogs and increased efficiency, strengthening public confidence in the judicial system. Rwanda’s approach is seen as a model for other countries aiming to modernise and improve access to justice.

The Way Forward: Strengthening Judicial Accountability

Civil society organisations (CSOs) across Africa play a vital role in promoting judicial accountability and exposing systemic abuses. Groups such as Amnesty International and local organisations actively advocate for reform, support public interest litigation, and assist marginalised communities in seeking justice. For instance, the African Coalition for Human Rights provides legal support across the continent, amplifying the voices of those without access to representation.

African governments increasingly acknowledge that a fair judiciary is essential to sustainable development and stability. Many are aligning judicial reforms with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 16, which promotes justice, peace, and strong institutions globally. As Africa’s judiciary evolves, it faces the challenge of balancing traditional practices with innovative solutions to meet modern demands. While the journey toward judicial equity remains unfinished, the progress achieved so far provides a solid foundation for Africa’s continued efforts to secure rights for all.

The gains in judicial reform across Africa demonstrate the continent’s commitment to justice and human rights, even amid considerable obstacles. Through national reforms, regional courts, and civil society activism, Africa’s judiciary is steadily transforming into a powerful advocate for democracy, accountability, and social equity.

The judicial gains seen in Africa exemplify the continent’s commitment to justice and human rights, even in the face of substantial obstacles. Through the combined efforts of national reforms, regional courts, and civil society, Africa’s judiciary is gradually reshaping itself into a powerful force for democracy, accountability, and social equity.

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Why Judicial Independence Matters

Judicial independence acts like a protector of democracy, preventing those in power from undermining laws designed to protect all citizens. By design, it ensures that justice is not swayed by political winds, enabling democracy to thrive. As Professor Dr. Adewale Oladipo observes, “An independent judiciary is not just a foundation but the ultimate shield of democracy.” Judicial independence creates balance, holding those in authority accountable and safeguarding citizens’ rights without bias.

Challenges to Judicial Independence

African courts face turbulent challenges, often swayed by executive power and limited resources, with some governments using economic or legislative tactics to restrict judicial autonomy. For example, in Uganda, efforts to bypass judicial oversight during the COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns about transparency and accountability. Legal scholar Dr. Grace Mawejje warns that “a compromised judiciary is a country vulnerable to lawlessness.”

In Zimbabwe, government influence over judicial appointments has created a judiciary that often appears beholden to the ruling power, steering cases in favor of political agendas. This has eroded public trust, showcasing the vulnerabilities within judicial independence. As the Open Society Justice Initiative notes, these challenges prevent courts from effectively holding leaders accountable, undermining democratic processes.

Malawi’s Defiant Judiciary

Malawi’s judiciary stands as a beacon of resilience amidst these struggles. In 2020, the Constitutional Court annulled the presidential election over widespread irregularities, ordering a re-run and affirming the role of judicial independence in protecting election integrity. Dr. Lydia Nakachwa, an expert on governance, noted that “Malawi’s decision brought new life to the concept of judicial independence in Africa. It was a powerful signal to other countries that justice can prevail.” This ruling exemplifies how an independent judiciary can empower citizens, holding leaders accountable while setting a strong precedent for democratic stability across the continent.

The Impact on Human Rights

Judicial independence is also a vital gatekeeper for human rights. In countries like Kenya, South Africa, and Nigeria, courts have defended citizens’ rights, often overturning government actions that violated constitutional liberties. For instance, the Kenyan judiciary overturned an executive order that would have expelled a foreign diplomat without due process—a decision lauded as a “victory for judicial independence” by the African Centre for Human Rights.

Statistics reveal a positive correlation between judicial independence and human rights protections. A United Nations report found that countries with independent courts report fewer human rights abuses, as courts act as checks against unlawful government actions. According to Afrobarometer, countries with strong judicial independence report fewer human rights abuses. This linkage underscores the judiciary’s role as a fundamental protector of democratic stability, serving as a check against power that risks violating individual freedoms.

Strengthening Judicial Independence

To reinforce judicial independence, African nations must implement reforms that shield courts from political influence. The Africa Centre for Legal Reforms suggests that, “Merit-based appointments, adequate funding, and a culture of transparency are crucial to judicial independence.” One recommendation includes establishing a merit-based, independent judiciary commission across African nations to oversee judicial appointments and dismissals, a system already successful in South Africa.

Moreover, regional organisations like the African Union and African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights can play pivotal roles in advocating for judicial reforms and setting standards for independence. Through regional networks, African countries can exchange knowledge and reinforce structures that sustain judicial autonomy, furthering the continent’s democratic trajectory.

Judicial independence in Africa is not merely a structural requirement but a profound defence for democracy itself. With its challenges, successes, and resilient case studies, Africa’s judiciary holds the potential to be a steadfast pillar for stability and progress. By preserving its autonomy, Africa can strengthen its democratic fabric, ensuring that the rule of law prevails over political whims.

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Gazing into the depths of Nigeria’s National Anthem, we find the heartbeat of this day in its 10th line, echoing the timeless proclamation that ‘the labours of our heroes past shall never be in vain.’ This sentiment resonates as a haunting melody, as our Armed Forces persistently toil to safeguard Nigeria’s sacred territorial boundaries on land, air, and sea.

From November 11 to January 15

Originally tethered to November 11, in harmony with the Remembrance Day for World War II veterans in the British Commonwealth, Nigeria tenderly shifted the date to January 15. This symbolic transition encapsulates the conclusion of the Nigerian Civil War in 1970, an epoch marked by the surrender of Biafran troops to federal forces.

Rituals of Remembrance: Pigeons, Wreaths, and the Last Post

The Armed Forces Celebration and Remembrance Day unfold like a sacred ritual, with poignant traditions echoing across the nation. Pigeons take flight, ambassadors of peace, while wreaths are solemnly laid, and the melancholic notes of the Last Post echo in the air. These rituals, woven into the fabric of federal, state, and local observances, stand as a collective homage to the sacrifices etched into the annals of our military history.

Nigerian Legion Humanitarian Day

Preceding the crescendo of the AFCRD is the Nigerian Legion Humanitarian Day, a day where veterans immerse themselves in the tapestry of community service, uplifting the families of fallen heroes. This compassionate day culminates in the nationwide launch of remembrance emblems, channeling proceeds to support the Nigerian Legion, a beacon of hope for those left behind.

From Prayer to Wreath-Laying  at the 2024 Commemoration

The AFCRD unfurls its majestic narrative with the resonating call to prayer at the National Mosque, followed by an inter-denominational service at the National Christian Centre, Abuja. The pinnacle of this emotional journey is the wreath-laying ceremony at the National Cenotaph in Abuja, mirrored by governors in their respective states, forging a nationwide symphony of remembrance.

Chief of Defence Staff’s Heartfelt Message

In a poignant message, CDS General Christopher Musa showers accolades upon the gallant contributions of officers and men, pledging unwavering support. He articulates a commitment to a professional armed forces anchored in welfare, urging unwavering vigilance in upholding constitutional responsibilities.

Nigerian Army’s Pledge

Chief of  Army Staff, Lieutenant General Taoreed Lagbajareaffirms the Nigerian Army’s resolute commitment to personnel welfare. Speaking directly to the troops, he pledges relentless efforts to elevate living standards and accommodation, navigating through the constraints of budgets with a heart full of determination.

Air Chief’s Battle Cry

Air Marshal Hasan Abubakar, with a voice resonant with purpose, underscores the importance of sustaining joint air, ground, and maritime strikes against adversaries. In a call to the nation, he invites every Nigerian to offer gratitude and prayers, announcing the commencement of the NAF Veterans Outreach Programme, a testament to the enduring commitment to those who have served.

Honouring Sacrifices, Nurturing Unity

As we stand on the precipice of Armed Forces Remembrance Day, let our hearts beat in unison as we honour the sacrifices of our heroes past. The commitment of our armed forces, coupled with the steadfast support of the government and citizens alike, becomes the very cornerstone that ensures enduring peace. January 15 whispers to us, reminding that the labours of our heroes shall never be in vain.

Past, Present, and Future Unite

In conclusion, the narrative of Armed Forces Remembrance Day intertwines history, tradition, and contemporary commitment. It beckons us to embark on a journey of reflection, to cherish the present, and to coalesce towards a future where the sacrifices of our heroes continue to shape the destiny of our beloved nation. This day is not just a marker in the calendar; it is a symphony, an anthem, a heartbeat echoing through the ages, reminding us that we are bound by a shared legacy and a collective destiny.

The post A Soulful Journey: Significance of January 15 in Nigeria appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Mahamat’s heartfelt address highlighted the urgency of the situation, condemning the ongoing hostilities in Gaza and the Occupied Territories as clear violations of international law and humanitarian principles. Emphasising the devastating impact on Palestinian civilians and the overarching implications for regional peace, he fervently called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and the establishment of a permanent humanitarian ceasefire.

The African Union Commission, aligning itself with various UN resolutions dating back to 1948, urged the international community to shoulder its responsibilities towards resolving the Palestinian question. The commitment to this cause, Mahamat underscored, rests on the foundational principles of freedom, justice, and humanitarianism, aligning with Africa’s unwavering support for Palestine’s existence as a viable state in the Middle East.

Expressing deep concerns over unilateral policies and actions, including the relentless war on Gaza, Mahamat pointed out the humanitarian crisis it has engendered. He lamented the threat looming over East Jerusalem’s holy sites, condemning the deprivation faced by Christians and Muslims in practicing their faith amidst escalating conflict.

The Chairperson deplored the staggering loss of innocent lives, especially the disproportionate number of children, in the current conflict. He didn’t mince words in denouncing Israel’s continued construction of settlements in occupied territories, flagging them as egregious violations of international norms contributing to forced displacement and structural inequality akin to the dark days of apartheid in Southern Africa.

Mahamat applauded recent UN resolutions for a humanitarian truce and cessation of hostilities, backing the ceasefire agreement in Gaza and stressing the necessity of political dialogue to establish two sovereign and peaceful states. Furthermore, he urged the release of Palestinian prisoners held in Israeli jails, emphasising the need for improved detention conditions and respect for basic human rights.

The African Union Commission reiterated its unwavering commitment to collaborating with international actors towards ending the Israeli occupation of Palestinian land. Mahamat concluded with a fervent call for the establishment of an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital, expressing hope for peace and blessings upon the people of Palestine.

As Mahamat’s address reverberates across the international stage, it serves as a clarion call for global action towards a just and lasting resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, underscoring the imperative of solidarity and cooperation in securing peace and justice for Palestine.

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One of the areas that has suffered dramatically as a result of hostilities is East Africa. Over the past 40 years, several of these countries have seen internal conflicts, some resulting in unresolved hostilities and militarization. This has led to conflict and instability patterns, which have kept this area among the world’s most unstable. As a result, a sizable chunk of the region is still unable to escape the deadly concoction of political instability, extremism, violent crime, armed conflicts, and governmental failure that has afflicted the area for many years.

The regional government’s renewed commitment to addressing trans-border conflict issues and their increased efforts to police borders within the region in recent years represent a significant window of opportunity. Regional nations are only sometimes able to manage their vast, remote border regions efficiently.

Since central governments and interstate regional organisations work in tandem with local communities and authorities, a large portion of trans-border conflict management and prevention falls on their shoulders. The degree to which cross-border conflict and instability issues are effectively addressed depends critically on how resilient and adaptable this group of local and regional actors is.

A case example is South Sudan. The Republic of South Sudan has, in the recent past, grappled with corrupt and brutal waves of violence for most of its post-independence period since July 9, 2011. As a result, South Sudanese have feared conducting elections, citing severe political conflict compounded by economic woes and drought.

The extreme political temperatures started on December 5, 2013, when Salva Kiir thought Riek Machar of the opposition party had organised a coup against him. The bone contention of the divide was the issue of nominating the flag bearer for SPLM. Others argued that it should be done by show of hands, while others were in favour of going to the ballot box. Since the two parties could not agree, the Republic of South Sudan broke out into war.

On that basis, soldiers started fighting and killing each other, a move that triggered the neighbouring country’s previous president, Uhuru Kenyatta, to appoint Ambassador Kalonzo Musyoka as his special envoy to South Sudan. The primary purpose of this appointment was to help the two leaders, Riek Machar and Salva Kiir, understand the source of their disagreements and devise new ways of restoring peace in South Sudan.

In his efforts to restore peace, Ambassador Musyoka brought the two rival parties to the table with the goal of putting national interests at the forefront of the conversation and discussing a way forward for the prosperous nation of South Sudan. Each of them sought to give different versions of the story, and as a result, they could not reach a conclusive report.

Speaking to Africa Leadership Magazine, Amb Kalonzo Musyoka noted that for South Sudanese to overcome the fear of elections, they must be on the lead in restoring peace. Because then, that is what will help them legitimise governance in their country.

“I think, for fear of elections, they must find a way to overcome it because that is how

They will legitimise governance in the country.” Amb. Kalonzo Musyoka, Uhuru

Kenyatta’s special envoy to South Sudan

Even though regional organisations such as the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) and the African Union (AU) have played their role in uniting the country, the East African regional leaders will still have a significant role to play in South Sudan.

Presently, the UN mission is leading efforts to flatten the curve in East African countries such as Sudan, Ethiopia, and other East African countries.

Peacekeeping Missions in West Africa

Over the past thirty years, events in West Africa have tested the Republic of Sierra Leone, although it also hosted UN peacekeeping missions from 1998 to 2005. The successful completion of such assignments inspired Sierra Leoneans to lead others on the difficult path towards peace. As a result, UNAMSIL served as a model for successful peacekeeping and the UN’s new emphasis on peacebuilding. The mission helped disarm tens of thousands of former rebels and helped with infrastructure restoration, police force reconstruction, national elections, and government services.

The UN also helped the government control the diamond industry and stop the illicit trade in precious stones. Rebels have used money earned from “blood” or “conflict” diamonds to buy weapons, which has increased the level of violence. Not everyone anticipated that UNAMSIL would be effective. For instance, the operation was at risk of failing in May 2000 when the rebel Revolutionary United Front (RUF) breached the ceasefire and kidnapped hundreds of peacekeepers, jeopardising the credibility of UN peacekeeping.

Seeing the chaos that followed, the international community penalised RUF supporters and put pressure on the rebels to observe the truce. UNAMSIL, after that, intensified its efforts to mediate a return to the negotiation table between the two adversaries. It began disarming fighters on both sides and sending in more troops to keep the ceasefire in place.

The United Kingdom, which had sent a force to bring peace, started reconstructing the army after the RUF broke the truce. At the same time, UNAMSIL and other international partners concentrated on training the local police force. By early 2002, UNAMSIL had demobilised almost 75,000 former militants, including child soldiers, and seized their weapons.

The government declared the conflict to have officially ended. Following political stabilisation, Sierra Leone was able to hold its first-ever free and fair presidential and parliamentary elections thanks to the mission’s logistical and PR support. Two years later, the delegation helped with the local government elections similarly. UNAMSIL completed most of the duties assigned to it by the Security Council, assisting over 500,000 refugees and internally displaced individuals in their voluntary return.

It helped the government retake control of social services and authority in areas ruled by rebels, trained thousands of police officers, and constructed or rebuilt dozens of police stations. In addition to overseeing and educating the people of Sierra Leone about human rights, UNAMSIL was instrumental in the establishment of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, which would try those most responsible for war crimes. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission, whose goal is to reconcile atrocity victims and perpetrators to heal the wounds of conflict, was established with assistance from the Mission to the Government.

South Africa’s peacekeeping missions

A powerhouse on the continent, South Africa, has stated it wants to remain neutral and favours negotiation to end the conflict rather than denouncing the invasion of Ukraine. The mission of the African leaders conveyed the voice of a continent severely affected by the fallout from the conflict in Ukraine.

It presented a ten-point plan that included de-escalation, acknowledging national sovereignty, allowing unrestricted grain shipments across the Black Sea, and returning children and prisoners of war to their home nations. But the Kremlin considered the principles “very difficult to implement,” and Zelenskyy refused to hold negotiations with Moscow as long as Russian forces were occupying Ukrainian land.

Especially in light of growing grain prices. The presidents of Senegal, Congo, Zambia, South Africa, and Comoros were among the diplomats on the delegation, along with high-ranking officials from Egypt, Uganda, and CongoExitBrazzaville.

The post The Unsung Heroes of Peace: Inside African Peacekeeping Missions appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

A Complex Tapestry: Israel, often referred to as the biblical Holy Land by Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike, boasts a rich but complex history. While Jerusalem stands as a focal point of holiness, the nation grapples with diverse populations and a tumultuous past.

The Israel-Arab Conflict: Understanding the backdrop of Israel’s relations with its Arab neighbors is crucial. The Israel-Arab conflict, dating back to the late 19th century, has evolved through numerous phases. From the Balfour Declaration in 1917 to the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (War of Independence) and subsequent conflicts, this region has witnessed a complex interplay of political and territorial disputes.

Strategies for Protecting Africans in Israel: To safeguard the well-being of African residents in Israel, several strategies can be employed:

Implementing these strategies, however, may encounter challenges such as political sensitivity, resource allocation, regional dynamics, and public opinion. Effective execution will require political will, bilateral support, adequate funding, and international cooperation. Moreover, understanding the regional geopolitical context and promoting empathy among the Israeli population are crucial for success.

By adopting an inclusive approach that encompasses equitable refugee status determination, access to healthcare and education, anti-discrimination measures, and community engagement, Israel can fulfill its moral duty and legal commitment to protect Africans residing within its borders. Learning from international models and best practices, Israel can aspire to create a more accepting and compassionate society that upholds the rights and dignity of all its citizens, regardless of their origins

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The grip President Bongo held on Gabonese politics has raised local and global concerns alike. Accusations of stifling the democratic process cast a shadow over his administration, and the recent elections only added fuel to the flames of dissatisfaction. The announcement of his third-term victory, amidst widespread doubts about the credibility of the results, triggered outrage among citizens who had longed for a fresh beginning.

Amidst the turmoil, soldiers chose the medium of live television to make a momentous proclamation: the election results were nullified, and the nation’s borders sealed. These measures were taken in response to escalating concerns of potential civil unrest. The military’s swift and decisive intervention aimed to restore stability and safeguard the nation’s interests.

The soldiers’ announcement extended beyond the annulment of elections and border closures. They boldly declared the dissolution of key institutions that had propped up President Bongo’s regime. The Senate, National Assembly, Constitutional Court, Economic, Social and Environmental Council, and the Gabonese Elections Centre were all dismantled in a daring move that underscored the military’s unwavering determination to terminate the prevailing regime.

As news of the military’s assumption of power spread, echoes of gunshots reverberated through Gabon’s capital, Libreville. The charged atmosphere on the streets mirrored the intense power struggle playing out on the national stage. The soldiers’ intervention set the scene for a new era in Gabon’s history, though uncertainties lingered about the path that lay ahead.

The Gabonese coup’s impact extended beyond its borders, resonating across international lines. European Foreign Policy Chief, Josep Borrell, expressed grave concerns about the repercussions of this power transition. He cautioned that the coup had the potential to destabilize the entire region, which was already grappling with the aftermath of a similar military intervention in Niger just weeks prior.

At the core of the soldiers’ declaration lay a poignant statement delivered on the Gabon 24 television channel. Translated from French to English, this statement showcased the weight of their concerns. In this emotionally charged address, they lamented Gabon’s descent into institutional, political, economic, and social turmoil. They argued that the recent elections fell short of meeting the transparency and inclusivity standards that the Gabonese people deserved.

The military committee, known as the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions (CTRI), put forth a transformative manifesto. They viewed the truncated election results and irresponsible governance as catalysts for social upheaval and chaos. Therefore, on August 30, 2023, the CTRI took a historic stance, putting an end to the existing regime. The dissolution of key institutions embodied their commitment to ushering in an era of stability.

Amid the turbulence, the soldiers earnestly implored the public, sister communities residing in Gabon, and the Gabonese diaspora to maintain calm and serenity. They aimed to reaffirm their dedication to the nation’s international obligations and commitments. Their message of hope and unity resonated as they declared their journey towards a brighter Gabon, invoking blessings from the country’s ancestors.

The military’s intervention in Gabon has shaken the foundations of a longstanding regime. Acting as agents of change, soldiers have drawn upon Gabon’s past to guide the nation towards a future marked by stability and prosperity. As Gabon steps into uncharted territory, the world watches with bated breath, waiting to witness the unfolding narrative that will determine the fate of this central African nation.

Read the full English translation from French of the statement, read out by one of the officers on the Gabon 24 television channel

“Our beautiful country, Gabon, has always been a haven of peace. “Today, the country is going through a serious institutional, political, economic and social crisis.

“We are therefore forced to admit that the organisation of the general elections of 26 August 2023 did not meet the conditions for a transparent, credible and inclusive ballot so much hoped for by the people of Gabon.

“Added to this is irresponsible and unpredictable governance, resulting in a continuing deterioration in social cohesion, with the risk of leading the country into chaos.

“Today, 30 August 2023, we — the defence and security forces, gathered as the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions (CTRI) on behalf of the people of Gabon and as guarantors of the institutions’ protection — have decided to defend peace by putting an end to the current regime.

“To this end, the general elections of 26 August 2023 and the truncated results are cancelled. “The borders are closed until further notice.

“All the institutions of the Republic are dissolved: the government, the Senate, the National Assembly, the Constitutional Court, the Economic, Social and Environmental Council and the Gabonese Elections Centre.

“We call for calm and serenity from the public, the communities of sister countries settled in Gabon, and the Gabonese diaspora. “We reaffirm our commitment to respecting Gabon’s commitments to the national and international community. “People of Gabon, we are finally on the road to happiness.

“May God and the spirits of our ancestors bless Gabon. Honour and loyalty to our homeland. “Thank you.”

The post Gabon Coup: Soldiers Give Reasons for Takeover appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

As a student of democracy, I invite you on a journey to explore the pivotal role of the judiciary in safeguarding democracy. However, this journey comes with a stern warning: the need to expedite election dispute resolutions within the courts and election tribunals and to guard against unnecessary delays, unclear judgements, and partial verdicts that harm the public interest. We shall explore how the judiciary makes or mars democracy across the world.

Before we talk about the urgency of timely justice, let’s first understand the foundational principles of democracy. Democracy, as it thrives in diverse corners of the world, is built on three pillars: the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. Each pillar plays a distinct yet interconnected role, with the judiciary serving as the guardian of democratic values and principles.

Using the above words as a foundation for our discussion, it is crystal clear that in the intricateness of a democratic society, the role of the judiciary stands as a critical pillar, ensuring that the fabric of democracy remains intact. The judiciary serves as the guardian of justice, interpreting laws, resolving disputes, and upholding the rights of citizens. One crucial aspect of its duty is swiftly and fairly resolving election disputes, thereby preserving the integrity of the electoral process and preventing potential chaos. This article underscores the pressing need to avoid delays in election dispute resolutions, cautioning against unclear and partial judgements that do not align with the public interest. Drawing insights from African, Asian, American, and European nations, it becomes evident that a robust and efficient judiciary plays a pivotal role in safeguarding democracy.

Elections form the cornerstone of democratic nations, allowing citizens to exercise their right to choose their leaders and determine the trajectory of their country. However, when disputes arise, the timeline for resolution becomes paramount. Delays in settling election-related cases can lead to uncertainty, erode public trust, and even incite civil unrest. The judiciary’s role in promptly addressing these disputes cannot be overstated. Inaction can fuel speculation and conspiracy theories, casting doubt on the legitimacy of the electoral process itself.

Clarity in judgements is essential to maintaining faith in the judiciary. When rulings are unclear, citizens are left bewildered, unable to comprehend the reasoning behind decisions that shape their nation’s destiny. Such ambiguity can create avenues for misinterpretation and manipulation, contributing to a breakdown of public confidence. To illustrate, the controversial 2000 United States presidential election and its contentious Supreme Court decision highlighted the potential perils of unclear judgements. The judiciary must strive to elucidate its reasoning to ensure its actions are consistent with democratic principles.

Partiality within the judiciary is a grave concern that strikes at the heart of democracy. The judiciary’s independence and impartiality are foundational to its legitimacy. When judgments appear to be influenced by political bias, public trust is eroded, and the credibility of the electoral process is undermined. The example of Kenya’s 2017 presidential election provides a stark illustration. The Supreme Court’s decision to annul the results due to irregularities demonstrated the judiciary’s commitment to fairness, proving that impartial judgements can avert potential crises.

As former Chief Justice of India, P.N. Bhagwati, eloquently stated, “The judiciary is the guardian of the Constitution and fundamental rights, and it is the duty of the judiciary to protect the rights of the citizens.”

Now, let’s shine a light on the ominous shadow cast by delayed justice in election disputes. When election results are contested and disputes arise, timely resolution is paramount. Delayed justice not only erodes public trust but also creates an environment ripe for unrest and instability. Citizens need swift closure to maintain faith in the democratic process.

Former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Winston Churchill, aptly noted, “The mood and temper of the public in regard to the treatment of crime and criminals is one of the most unfailing tests of the civilization of any country.”

Lessons from Africa

Several African nations have grappled with election-related tensions, highlighting the need for effective judicial intervention. Africa has witnessed both the perils of delayed justice and the triumphs of timely resolution. In Kenya, the 2017 presidential election results were challenged, leading to a protracted legal battle. Months of uncertainty left the nation on edge, and the public’s trust in the judiciary waned. Conversely, in Ghana’s 2012 election dispute, the judiciary swiftly addressed the issue, reaffirming the nation’s commitment to democratic principles.

However, Kenya’s judiciary later set a precedent by annulling the presidential election results in 2017, demonstrating its willingness to ensure electoral integrity. The 2017 presidential election judicial review was a major turning point in Kenya’s history. It showed that the Supreme Court is willing to intervene in electoral matters, and it set a precedent for other African countries. The decision also highlighted the importance of transparency and accountability in elections. Similarly, South Africa’s Constitutional Court has consistently upheld democratic ideals, ensuring that the rule of law remains paramount. These examples underscore the significance of a robust judiciary in safeguarding democracy.

Insights from the United States of America

The United States, often regarded as a democratic beacon, has faced its share of election disputes. Former Chief Justice of the United States, William Rehnquist, stressed, “The role of the court is to protect the rights of individuals, particularly when they’re in the minority, against the government.”

Insights from India and Asia

In India, the judiciary has time and again played a crucial role in upholding democratic values. Former Chief Justice M.N. Venkatachaliah stated, “The judiciary is the sentinel qui vive—eternal vigilance—to guard and protect the rights and freedoms of the people.” This sentiment echoes throughout Asia, where judiciaries have been instrumental in maintaining democratic integrity.

Case Studies: Europe

Turning our gaze to Europe, we find similar tales of judicial influence on democracy. In the United Kingdom, the judiciary played a pivotal role in ensuring the legality of the Brexit process by swiftly addressing legal challenges and upholding the rule of law. This showcased the judiciary’s responsibility to uphold the rule of law even in times of political turmoil. Furthermore, Germany’s Constitutional Court has played a pivotal role in preserving democratic values, reinforcing the principle that all branches of government are subject to the Constitution. In contrast, Spain faced turmoil in Catalonia due to delayed justice regarding the independence referendum, highlighting the dangers of procrastination.

While the timing of justice is vital, the clarity and impartiality of judgements are equally essential. Unclear judgements can lead to confusion and disputes that persist beyond the initial ruling, threatening democratic stability. Partial judgements that do not serve the public interest undermine faith in the judiciary.

The role of the judiciary in safeguarding democracy is undeniable, but it comes with immense responsibility. Delayed justice, unclear judgements, and partial verdicts pose grave threats to the democratic fabric. To ensure the continued health of our democracies, we must heed this warning: expedite election dispute resolutions, provide clear and impartial judgements, and protect the public interest at all costs.

As citizens of democratic nations, it is our duty to remain vigilant and demand accountability from our judicial systems. The judiciary, as the guardian of democracy, must rise to the occasion, ensuring that justice is not only served but is served swiftly and fairly.

Let us re-echo the words of Chief Justice Earl Warren: “In civilised life, law floats in a sea of ethics.” Let our judiciary be the beacon guiding our nations through the storms of democracy, ensuring that the waters remain calm and just.

In a world where the foundations of democracy are often tested, the role of the judiciary as a sentinel of justice becomes pivotal. Swift resolution of election disputes, clear and transparent judgements, and impartial decision-making are essential to maintaining public trust and preventing potential democratic crises. The lessons gleaned from both African and European experiences underscore the gravity of these principles. As citizens, we must demand accountability, transparency, and efficiency from our judicial institutions, ensuring that they remain steadfast in their mission to safeguard democracy.

The post The Judiciary’s Role in Building or Breaking Democracy appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

President Muhammadu Buhari had expressed interest in such a pact with Russia as far back as 2019, when he met with his Russian counterpart Vladimir Putin at a Russia-Africa summit.

The Nigerian ambassador to Russia at the time said Buhari felt Russia could help defeat the Boko Haram Islamic insurgency in the northeast of the country, which remains a major problem.

“The Agreement on Military-Technical Cooperation between both countries provides a legal framework for the supply of military equipment, provision of after-sales services, training of personnel in respective educational establishments and technology transfer, among others,” the Nigerian embassy said in a statement.

It described the pact as a landmark development in bilateral relations between Abuja and Moscow.

Nigeria already uses some Russian fighter jets and helicopters, alongside military equipment purchased from Western powers such as the United States.

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