The international governance system, as embodied by institutions such as the United Nations (UN), World Bank, and International Monetary Fund (IMF), has not always fulfilled its promises to Africa. Although Africa comprises 54 countries and accounts for nearly 28% of the UN General Assembly, its influence remains marginal in key decision-making processes such as the UN Security Council, where only five countries hold permanent, veto-wielding seats.

READ ALSO: How E-Government is Changing Public Services in Africa

Economic participation in global governance tells a similar story. Africa contributes less than 4% to global GDP yet bears a disproportionate debt burden, with countries such as Ghana and Zambia struggling under external debt often tied to restrictive conditions. This imbalance underscores the need for a governance system that reflects Africa’s realities, opportunities, and challenges.

In the symphony of global governance, Africa’s voice often resembles a whisper struggling to be heard over the crescendos of more dominant players. This imbalance calls for systemic changes, akin to redistributing the musical score so that all sections, including Africa, can harmonise effectively.

Multilateral institutions such as the IMF and World Bank have initiated reforms, but more is needed. According to a 2022 Brookings report, while Africa is home to over 16% of the global population, its voting power in the IMF stands at just 6%. Structural changes to these institutions are crucial to enable African nations to advocate for policies that reflect their development priorities, from infrastructure funding to debt restructuring.

The IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), allocated in 2021, provided a glimpse of progress, with $33 billion directed to African nations. Yet, critics argue that these allocations are insufficient, particularly when compared to the $650 billion issued globally. A more equitable SDR redistribution could provide African countries with the fiscal space needed to invest in health, education, and renewable energy.

Debt Sustainability: A Looming Shadow

Africa’s debt crisis epitomises the shortcomings of the global governance system. More than 22 African nations are either in debt distress or at high risk. Innovative mechanisms such as debt-for-climate swaps, which exchange debt relief for investments in green projects, are gaining traction. For instance, Seychelles successfully piloted such a programme, protecting its marine biodiversity while reducing its debt burden.

Climate Change

Africa contributes less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions yet bears the brunt of climate change, from desertification in the Sahel to flooding in Mozambique. The global governance system must prioritise climate justice by ensuring developed nations fulfil their $100 billion annual climate finance pledge. Additionally, initiatives such as the African Climate Summit, hosted in Kenya in 2023, highlight the continent’s proactive stance in shaping global climate policy.

Trade and Economic Growth

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) represents a beacon of hope for intra-African trade, which currently stands at a mere 18%, compared to 58% in Asia and 68% in Europe. By reducing tariffs and streamlining trade processes, AfCFTA could boost Africa’s combined GDP by $450 billion by 2035, according to the World Bank. However, global governance systems must support this initiative through fair trade policies and capacity-building programmes.

Technology and Innovation

Africa’s technological landscape is evolving rapidly, with startups across the continent attracting $4.85 billion in funding in 2022—a tenfold increase from 2015. To harness this potential, global governance systems should facilitate technology transfer, capacity building, and infrastructure development. Programmes such as the UN’s “Digital Cooperation Roadmap” are a step in the right direction but require stronger implementation.

Way Forward: A New Global Compact

The path to a fairer global governance system requires more than reforms; it demands a paradigm shift. Africa’s leaders must unite in their advocacy, leveraging regional bodies such as the African Union (AU) to negotiate as a bloc. Meanwhile, developed nations must recognise that a prosperous Africa is not just a moral imperative but an economic and geopolitical necessity.

The global governance system, much like a puzzle, remains incomplete without Africa’s full and equitable participation. By amplifying Africa’s voice and addressing systemic inequities, the international community can turn the current whisper into a resounding melody that benefits all.

The post Making Global Governance Work for Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

The World Economic Forum reveals that extreme weather, climate, and water-related events caused almost US$1.5 trillion in economic losses in the decade leading up to 2019, compared to US$184 billion in the 1970s. A World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) report warns that climate change may push over 120 million people into extreme poverty by 2030 if substantial adaptation actions are not implemented (World Bank, 2016).

READ ALSO: Africa Climate Action: A Nexus in the Rain?

As global economic risks intensify, Africa faces a particularly severe challenge. Despite contributing less than 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, the continent bears the brunt of climate impacts. Vulnerable infrastructure, limited financial resources, and a high dependence on climate-sensitive sectors, such as agriculture, create a perfect storm of economic challenges. The African Development Bank estimates that climate change could erode between 2% and 4% of Africa’s GDP by mid-century if adaptation investments are not scaled up. This imbalance between minimal contribution and maximal vulnerability highlights the urgent need for comprehensive and data-driven adaptation strategies.

Navigating Global Economic Uncertainty

The interplay between climate change and economic stability has led policymakers and economists to reassess long-held assumptions about growth and resilience. Global studies, such as those from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), warn that unmitigated climate change could inflict annual global economic losses equivalent to 2%–4% of GDP by 2100.

These figures are not merely abstract; they represent tangible setbacks, including reduced agricultural yields, increased health expenditures, and deteriorating infrastructure. From an adaptation economics perspective, every dollar invested today in resilient infrastructure and innovative technologies could yield multiple dollars in avoided costs tomorrow. This multiplier effect is particularly critical for developing economies.

Charting a Course through Climate Turbulence

The economic rationale for adaptation is bolstered by data and case studies. In the agricultural sector—central to many African economies—climate change could reduce crop yields by 10%–20% by 2050 without adaptive measures (International Food Policy Research Institute [IFPRI], 2019). Such declines threaten food security, destabilise economies, and drive up food prices, exacerbating poverty. The ripple effects extend into water scarcity, health crises, and job losses, each demanding urgent and robust adaptation strategies.

Rebuilding a Climate-Resilient Economy

The pathway forward requires balancing immediate expenditures with long-term economic gains. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP, 2019) estimates that Africa faces an annual adaptation finance gap of US$50–100 billion. This gap reflects not only the need for infrastructure investments but also improvements in governance, capacity building, and technological innovation. International climate finance has increased in recent years, with OECD reports noting a rise from US$16 billion in adaptation flows in 2010 to over US$50 billion by 2018 (OECD, 2019). However, much of this finance has not adequately reached African nations, which continue to struggle with limited access to necessary funds for transformative adaptation policies.

A critical analysis of adaptation economics reveals that effective policies must be dynamic and multifaceted. Adaptation is not a one-size-fits-all solution; investments must be tailored to each region’s specific vulnerabilities and capacities. In Africa, this means bolstering water management systems in arid regions, implementing climate-smart agricultural practices, and modernising urban infrastructure to withstand extreme weather events. Predictive modelling from the IPCC suggests that without adaptation, rising temperatures and erratic weather patterns could lead to economic damages of up to 4% of GDP annually by 2050 for many African nations. Such projections are a clarion call for immediate and sustained investments in resilience.

The Role of Policy and Collaboration

Effective adaptation requires a symphony of collaboration between domestic governments, international financial institutions, and local communities. The UNFCCC has long advocated for developed nations to mobilise US$100 billion annually in climate finance to support mitigation and adaptation efforts in vulnerable regions. However, translating these pledges into on-the-ground projects remains a formidable challenge. African nations must not only secure these funds but also ensure that investments are effectively managed and aligned with local needs. The economic calculus is clear: every dollar spent on adaptation today can safeguard future economic stability, transform vulnerabilities into opportunities, and set a foundation for sustainable development that benefits both the continent and the global community.

The economics of climate change adaptation in Africa encapsulates a narrative of stark contrasts: a continent facing disproportionate risks from a crisis it did little to create, yet also holding the potential for transformative change through strategic investment and resilient policy design. Global data and rigorous analyses affirm that proactive adaptation measures offer high returns on investment—not merely by averting losses but by catalysing sustainable growth. As the world grapples with the multifaceted challenges of climate change, Africa’s journey towards resilience is a critical chapter in the broader story of global economic and environmental renewal. The path forward is illuminated by data, driven by economic imperatives, and must be paved with collaborative efforts to ensure that no nation is left adrift in the turbulent seas of climate uncertainty.

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Africa’s economic dynamism has made it a pivotal player in the Global South coalition. Recent initiatives, such as South Africa’s presidency of the G20, have positioned the continent as a bridge between emerging markets and established economic powers. The Development Bank of Southern Africa underscores the significance of these efforts, noting that African nations are championing dialogues on sustainable development, climate change, and equitable trade practices.

READ ALSO: Celebrating Dr. Ken Giami: A Visionary Leader Bridging Global South-South Cooperation

Economic Transformation

Africa’s evolution from resource dependency to innovation-led economies symbolises a remarkable paradigm shift. Countries like Kenya, Nigeria, and Senegal have become tech hubs, hosting start-ups that address local challenges with global implications. For instance, Kenya’s M-Pesa platform revolutionised financial inclusion, inspiring digital payment systems worldwide. Meanwhile, Nigeria’s fintech industry has attracted over $600 million in investment annually, according to McKinsey & Company.

Agriculture, long the backbone of African economies, is undergoing a renaissance driven by technology. Smart farming techniques and agri-tech innovations have increased productivity and bolstered food security. Rwanda’s efforts to digitise farming practices have resulted in a 25% increase in crop yields since 2020, illustrating how technology can revolutionise traditional sectors.

Infrastructure remains the lifeblood of Africa’s economic growth. The African Union’s Agenda 2063 underscores ambitious projects like the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), aimed at integrating a market of 1.4 billion people. The AfCFTA, expected to increase intra-African trade by 52% by 2025, reflects the continent’s commitment to creating a unified economic bloc.

Flagship infrastructure projects, including Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam and Senegal’s Dakar-Diamniadio Toll Highway, symbolise Africa’s determination to overcome logistical challenges and harness its natural resources effectively. According to the African Development Bank, investments in infrastructure could add up to 2% to Africa’s annual GDP growth by 2030.

Harnessing the Power of Partnerships

Africa’s collaboration with other Global South nations has amplified its voice in international forums. Partnerships with China, India, and Brazil have driven investments in renewable energy, technology, and manufacturing. China alone has committed over $300 billion in infrastructure projects across Africa, while India’s trade with the continent exceeded $90 billion in 2023.

The growing emphasis on South-South cooperation is reshaping the geopolitical landscape, enabling Africa to negotiate better terms for trade and investment. Initiatives like the India-Africa Forum Summit and the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation have reinforced this dynamic, fostering mutual growth.

Challenges on the Horizon

While Africa’s ascent is noteworthy, challenges persist. Climate change, political instability, and inadequate access to education and healthcare remain formidable barriers. The continent’s youthful population, while a potential asset, also poses a risk if job creation does not keep pace with demographic growth.

Corruption and bureaucratic inefficiencies continue to hinder progress. According to Transparency International, Africa loses an estimated $50 billion annually to illicit financial flows, funds that could otherwise be channelled into development initiatives.

A Vision for 2030 and Beyond

To sustain its momentum, Africa must adopt a multi-faceted approach:

Investing in Education and Skills Development: Empowering its youth with relevant skills can transform Africa’s demographic bulge into a dividend. Initiatives like Rwanda’s coding academies and Nigeria’s tech hubs are steps in the right direction.

Accelerating Green Growth: Africa holds 60% of the world’s solar energy potential. Countries like South Africa and Morocco are already leading the charge with large-scale renewable energy projects. By harnessing this potential, Africa can not only achieve energy security but also lead global efforts in combating climate change.

Strengthening Governance and Transparency: Addressing corruption and fostering institutional reforms are crucial for attracting foreign investment and ensuring equitable distribution of resources.

Africa’s New Dawn

Africa’s journey to becoming the vanguard of the Global South is not just a tale of economic growth but a testament to its resilience, innovation, and ambition. Like the Baobab tree, deeply rooted yet reaching skyward, Africa’s economic renaissance symbolises strength, adaptability, and boundless potential.

As the continent continues to write its growth narrative, it serves as an inspiration for the Global South, proving that sustainable development is not just a goal but an achievable reality. The world is watching as Africa leads the way—not as a follower, but as a trailblazer.

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Environmental modelling provides predictive insights, helping policymakers anticipate future risks and plan accordingly. Ecology, the study of organisms and their interactions with the environment, reveals the underlying mechanisms that sustain ecosystem services. Economic policy acts as the bridge, ensuring that sustainable practices are incentivized while destructive ones are discouraged.

By weaving these three disciplines together, we can develop sustainable strategies that balance conservation with development. But how exactly do these elements function together? Let’s explore the essential triad that underpins ecosystem service management.

Understanding Ecosystem Services

Ecosystem services refer to the benefits humans derive from nature, and they are classified into four main categories:

1. Provisioning Services: Products obtained from ecosystems, such as food, water, timber, and medicinal resources.
2. Regulating Services: Benefits from ecosystem processes, including climate regulation, flood control, and disease regulation.
3. Cultural Services: Non-material benefits like recreation, spiritual enrichment, and cultural heritage.
4. Supporting Services: Fundamental ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, soil formation, and primary production.

However, the degradation of these services is alarming. According to global studies, over two-thirds of ecosystem services are in decline due to overexploitation, habitat destruction, and climate change. A stark example is clean drinking water—over two billion people worldwide face shortages, and without intervention, this number could double in the coming decades.

Protecting these services requires forward-thinking solutions, integrating environmental science, technology, and economic frameworks.

Environmental Modelling: Predicting and Planning for the Future

Environmental modelling is a powerful tool that helps scientists and policymakers understand and predict ecosystem changes under different scenarios. By simulating climate variations, land-use changes, and human activities, these models inform proactive decision-making.

Types of Environmental Models:

• Climate Models: Predict weather patterns and climate shifts, helping policymakers prepare for extreme conditions.
• Hydrological Simulations: Analyze water flow, aiding in watershed management and flood control.
• Biodiversity Forecasting: Maps species distribution and predicts habitat loss, guiding conservation efforts.

A notable success story comes from New York City, where environmental modelling influenced a groundbreaking decision: instead of constructing an expensive water filtration plant, planners opted to protect the Catskill Watershed. By maintaining natural water purification processes, they ensured clean drinking water for millions while saving billions of dollars.

Without these predictive tools, long-term sustainability would remain a guessing game, leaving ecosystems and human populations vulnerable to crises.

Ecology: The Science of Interconnectedness

At the core of ecosystem service management lies ecology, which helps us understand how organisms interact with their environment. These interactions are crucial for maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and natural resource availability.

Key Ecological Concepts in Ecosystem Management

• Ecological Thresholds & Tipping Points: Identifying limits beyond which ecosystems collapse.
• Biodiversity and Resilience: Higher biodiversity equates to greater ecosystem resilience.
• Ecosystem Restoration: Rebuilding degraded environments through conservation strategies.

A crucial example is pollination in agriculture. Over 75% of global food crops depend on pollinators like bees, butterflies, and birds. However, habitat destruction and pesticide use are causing drastic declines in pollinator populations, threatening food security. Similarly, wetlands—often seen as wastelands—play a vital role in water purification and flood control. Ignoring such ecological functions leads to unintended consequences, from reduced agricultural yields to increased disaster vulnerability.

By integrating ecological insights into policy, we can design interventions that sustain both biodiversity and human livelihoods.

Economic Policy: Aligning Incentives with Sustainability

Economic policies serve as the bridge between scientific knowledge and practical action. By recognizing the economic value of ecosystem services, governments and businesses can implement strategies that promote sustainability while discouraging environmentally harmful practices.

Effective Economic Tools:

• Carbon Pricing: Charges businesses for carbon emissions, encouraging low-carbon alternatives.
• Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES): Rewards landowners for conservation efforts (e.g., maintaining forests, wetlands).
• Subsidies for Sustainable Agriculture: Incentivizes farming practices that protect soil health and biodiversity.

A compelling example is Switzerland’s PES scheme. Forests near Basel play a crucial role in purifying drinking water. Instead of building expensive water treatment plants, local residents contribute a small surcharge on their water bills, funding sustainable forest management. This approach balances economic development with environmental preservation, proving that conservation can be both profitable and practical.

When ecosystem services are woven into economic policy, environmental protection becomes an investment rather than a cost.

Dr. Joshua Rufus Abadi is a renowned environmental engineer specializing in water contamination. He has provided consultancy on oil spills in Nigeria and has spearheaded the EU WasClean project. Additionally, he collaborates with the University of Southampton and the University of Brighton, and leads environmental initiatives for Inspired Grace Healthcare.

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Justice for Africa is not merely a slogan; it is a call to action that echoed powerfully in Addis Ababa during the 46th Ordinary Session of the Executive Council of the African Union (AU). At the heart of this gathering was a defining message: reparations for Africans and people of African descent are both a moral imperative and an economic necessity. This session on reparative justice highlighted Africa’s enduring colonial scars and the pressing need to address historical and systemic injustices.

Mr. Claver Gatete, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), delivered a compelling address on the structural inequalities that continue to hinder Africa’s economic growth. From the transatlantic slave trade to colonial-era resource extraction, Africa has suffered relentless economic dispossession. Yet, paradoxically, it remains one of the world’s most resource-rich continents. It holds 30% of the world’s mineral reserves, 40% of its gold, and up to 90% of its chromium and platinum. Additionally, 65% of the world’s arable land lies within its borders. Despite these vast resources, Africa accounts for less than 3% of global trade and only 1% of global manufacturing output—an economic imbalance that calls for urgent redress.

The historical context of this economic injustice is deeply rooted in Africa’s past. The Berlin Conference of 1884–85, orchestrated by European powers, led to the arbitrary partitioning of the continent, disregarding existing ethnic and political boundaries. This facilitated a system of forced labour and ruthless exploitation of Africa’s wealth. Under King Leopold II’s rule, for example, an estimated 10 million Congolese perished between 1885 and 1908 due to brutal colonial policies in the Congo Free State.

Similarly, the transatlantic slave trade, spanning the 16th to 19th centuries, forcibly removed millions of Africans from their homeland, stripping the continent of its human capital and leaving a legacy of suffering. The effects of these atrocities persist today in the form of systemic racism and global economic disparities.

The injustice extends beyond historical exploitation. Africa remains significantly under-represented in international financial institutions. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), for instance, allots the entire African continent the same voting share as Germany, despite its 54 sovereign nations. Additionally, biased credit rating systems label most African economies as high-risk, increasing borrowing costs and deepening cycles of debt.

One of the most striking economic paradoxes discussed during the session was Africa’s disproportionate burden in the fight against climate change. Despite contributing the least to global carbon emissions, Africa bears the brunt of climate disasters, losing up to 5% of its GDP to climate-related damages annually. Yet, from the US$10 trillion invested globally in clean energy between 2015 and 2022, Africa received just 2%. This glaring disparity underscores the need for equitable climate financing mechanisms that recognise Africa’s vulnerabilities and provide substantial funding for adaptation and mitigation.

To address these injustices, Mr. Gatete outlined five crucial pathways:

1. Reforming the Global Financial System—Advocating for debt restructuring, fair credit assessments, and greater African representation in global financial decision-making.
2. Harnessing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)—Strengthening intra-African trade, industrialisation, and regional value chains in a market of 1.5 billion people with a combined GDP of over US$3 trillion.
3. Maximising Resource Value Addition—Shifting from raw material exports to local processing industries that create jobs and economic growth for Africans.
4. Engaging the African Diaspora—Mobilising the global African community for economic investment, cultural partnerships, and heritage-based initiatives.
5. Fostering Free Movement and Regional Integration—Implementing the AU Protocol on Free Movement of Persons to unlock economic opportunities and unity.

Justice for Africa is not just about historical reparations—it is about reclaiming economic sovereignty, securing fair access to global markets, and dismantling structures that sustain African dependency. As Africa asserts its rightful place on the world stage, the AU’s commitment to reparative justice serves as both a rallying cry and a strategic blueprint. The time for action is now, and the world must listen.

King Richard Igimoh is an award-winning communication strategist with over two decades of experience in the field. He excels in Diplomacy, Journalism, Economic and International Affairs. As the Group Editor and a key member of the management team at the African Leadership Organisation, he continues to contribute significantly to promoting Africa’s dignity and opportunities globally

The post Africa: A Call for Reparations and Economic Sovereignty appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Despite these disadvantages, Africa faces a range of contemporary challenges with global implications. Climate change, for instance, presents a significant threat, with rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, and sea-level rise impacting food security, water availability, and displacement. Furthermore, Africa must tackle poverty, inequality, and conflict, while also harnessing its demographic dividend for sustainable development.

READ ALSO: The Influence of African Institutions on Global Governance Structures

However, these challenges present substantial opportunities. Africa’s youthful population, abundant natural resources, and growing economic clout are attracting global attention. The continent is increasingly seen as a market for investment, a source of innovation, and a crucial partner in addressing global challenges. This rising influence provides Africa with a unique opportunity to shape global governance in ways that reflect its own priorities and aspirations.

Africa’s Voice in Global Governance

To effectively participate in global governance, Africa must overcome several challenges:

• Strengthening regional integration: A united Africa, speaking with a single voice, will wield greater leverage in global negotiations.
• Promoting good governance: Democratic governance, respect for human rights, and the rule of law are essential to building trust and attracting investment.
• Investing in human capital: Education, healthcare, and skills development are crucial to empowering Africa’s people and fostering economic growth.
• Harnessing technology: Embracing technology is key to enhancing Africa’s connectivity, competitiveness, and resilience.

Key Areas of African Engagement in Global Governance

Africa is increasingly active in addressing a variety of global issues, including:

Climate Change

• Vulnerability and Leadership: Africa is one of the regions most vulnerable to climate change, facing severe droughts, floods, rising sea levels, and desertification. This vulnerability has propelled African nations to become vocal leaders in global climate action.
• Advocacy for Ambitious Action: African countries consistently advocate for ambitious emission reduction targets from developed nations, recognising their historical responsibility for the current climate crisis.
• Demand for Climate Finance: African nations emphasise the need for increased financial support from developed countries to help them adapt to climate change and transition to low-carbon economies, including funding for renewable energy projects, climate-resilient infrastructure, and disaster risk reduction.
• Focus on Adaptation: Given the severe impacts already felt in Africa, the focus is on adaptation measures such as drought-resistant crops, improved water management, and early warning systems for extreme weather events.

Peace and Security

• Regional Leadership: The African Union (AU) plays a significant role in conflict prevention and resolution, deploying peacekeeping forces to hotspots across the continent.
• Focus on African Solutions: The AU champions African-led solutions to African problems, promoting dialogue, mediation, and political processes to resolve conflicts peacefully.
• Combating Terrorism: Africa is actively involved in the global fight against terrorism, with regional initiatives aimed at disrupting terrorist networks and preventing extremism.
• Emerging Security Threats: The AU is addressing new security challenges, such as cybercrime, maritime piracy, and the illicit trafficking of arms and natural resources.

Health

• Combating Infectious Diseases: Africa has been at the forefront of the global fight against infectious diseases like
HIV/AIDS, malaria, and Ebola.
• Strengthening Health Systems: African countries are investing in robust health systems to improve access to quality healthcare.
• Universal Health Coverage (UHC): Achieving UHC is a priority for many African countries, ensuring access to essential health services without financial hardship.
• Non-communicable Diseases: The continent is grappling with the growing burden of diseases like heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, and is integrating prevention and treatment into national health plans.

Trade and Investment

• Promoting Intra-African Trade: The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) is a landmark initiative aimed at boosting intra-African trade and creating a single market for goods and services. This has the potential to enhance Africa’s economic integration and competitiveness.
• Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): African countries are actively seeking FDI to stimulate growth, create jobs, and diversify their economies.
• Negotiating Trade Agreements: African nations are increasingly involved in negotiating trade agreements with other regions and blocs, aiming to secure market access for exports and attract investment.
• Advocating for Fair Trade: Africa advocates for a more equitable international trading system, calling for the removal of trade barriers and the reduction of trade distortions.

The Future of Africa in Global Governance

The future of Africa in global governance looks promising, but it requires sustained effort and strategic engagement. Africa must continue to build its internal capacity, strengthen alliances with like-minded partners, and assert its interests on the global stage. By embracing its potential and overcoming its challenges, Africa can play a pivotal role in shaping a just, equitable, and sustainable world order.

Promising Factors

• Growing Economic and Political Influence: Africa’s expanding population and economies are increasing its global influence. This growing economic power translates into greater political leverage on the international stage.
• Technological Advancements: Increased access to technology, such as mobile phones and the internet, is empowering African citizens and fostering innovation. This can enhance Africa’s participation in global governance by facilitating communication, information sharing, and citizen engagement.
• Youthful Population: Africa’s young and dynamic population represents a significant demographic dividend. This group can drive economic growth, innovation, and social change, contributing to Africa’s rising global influence.
• Regional Integration: Progress in initiatives like the AfCFTA can strengthen Africa’s collective voice and bargaining power in global negotiations.

Africa’s role in global governance is evolving rapidly. Once marginalised, the continent is now emerging as a crucial player in addressing global challenges and shaping the future world order. By strengthening its internal capacity, embracing its potential, and advocating for its interests, Africa can make significant contributions to a more equitable and inclusive global system. The future of global governance depends on the active participation of all stakeholders, including a rising and increasingly influential Africa.

The post The Role of Africa in Global Governance appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Agriculture is a major contributor to Africa’s GDP and employs over 60% of the workforce. Yet, productivity remains low due to outdated farming practices, limited access to finance, and insufficient investment in research and development (R&D). Africa is also increasingly concerned about food security, with the continent expected to host 25% of the world’s population by 2050, requiring a substantial increase in food production.

READ ALSO: Africa’s Agricultural Potential: A New Era of Opportunity

Climate change has already led to shifting rainfall patterns, prolonged droughts, and floods, putting millions of farmers, who rely heavily on rainfall, at significant risk. These challenges underscore the urgent need for advanced agricultural technologies, such as precision farming, improved seed varieties, and data-driven solutions, to ensure sustainable food production.

The Role of Intra-African Partnerships in AgTech Development

As Africa confronts these challenges, intra-African partnerships are emerging as a key driver of the continent’s agricultural transformation. These collaborations bring together governments, private companies, research institutions, and NGOs to share knowledge, expertise, and resources, thereby fostering the development and adoption of agricultural technologies.

Despite their shared geography, African countries have distinct agricultural practices, ecosystems, and challenges. By pooling resources and knowledge, countries can leverage regional expertise to develop solutions that address these unique needs. Kenya and Ethiopia, for instance, have long been at the forefront of agricultural technology innovations, particularly in mobile agriculture. They have created digital platforms offering weather forecasts, crop advice, and market prices to smallholder farmers.

Intra-African partnerships also encourage cross-border trade and investment in agricultural technologies. The implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement has provided an opportunity for African countries to collaborate on the development of AgTech solutions and share innovations across borders. Moreover, such partnerships can help create a more favourable investment climate for AgTech startups. By working together, African nations can establish a unified regulatory framework that supports innovation and facilitates investment in agricultural technologies.

Infrastructure remains a significant bottleneck for agricultural growth across Africa. However, partnerships between governments and private companies are helping to bridge these gaps. The development of regional transportation networks, such as railways and highways, can enable smallholder farmers to access broader markets. Similarly, regional cooperation on irrigation projects is essential to counter the effects of climate change. Countries that share water resources can collaborate on large-scale irrigation systems, ensuring efficient water use while preventing conflicts over water rights.

The Rise of AgTech Startups and Innovations

One of the most exciting developments in recent years has been the rise of AgTech startups across Africa. These startups are harnessing various technologies, including drones, artificial intelligence (AI), big data, and blockchain, to tackle challenges in farming, logistics, and supply chain management.

In countries like Kenya, Nigeria, and Ghana, young entrepreneurs are developing innovative solutions that improve access to finance, offer digital marketplaces for farmers, and provide tools for data-driven farming practices. Importantly, this wave of innovation is not confined to the more advanced economies on the continent. The growth of AgTech hubs in countries such as Uganda, Zambia, and Senegal demonstrates that technology is being embraced across the continent, regardless of economic status.

The Future of Agricultural Technology in Africa

Looking ahead, the future of agricultural technology in Africa holds great promise. By strengthening intra-African partnerships, the continent can leverage its diversity and resources to drive a technological revolution in agriculture. With the increasing availability of mobile phones and internet connectivity, African farmers will have access to more data than ever before.

Technologies promoting soil conservation, water efficiency, and organic farming are likely to gain wider adoption. As Africa embraces satellite technology, drones, and sensors, precision agriculture will enable farmers to monitor and manage crops with greater accuracy, reducing costs and maximising output. Intra-African partnerships will likely lead to stronger regional food security networks, where countries collaborate to produce, process, and distribute food more efficiently, reducing dependence on global supply chains and enhancing resilience to crises.

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Mountains, often described as nature’s fortresses, are emerging as Africa’s unexpected allies in the battle against climate change. Their towering peaks and vast ecosystems silently absorb the impacts of global warming, presenting both challenges and opportunities for preservation and sustainability. Across Africa, innovative initiatives are transforming these formidable landscapes into bastions of hope for the continent’s climate resilience.

READ ALSO: Corporate Efforts to Address Biodiversity Loss and Climate Change in Africa

Ecosystems Under Siege

Africa’s mountainous regions, from Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania to the Ethiopian Highlands, are biodiversity hotspots that regulate regional climates and provide water to millions. However, these ecosystems are under siege. Climate change has accelerated glacial melt, disrupted rainfall patterns, and endangered endemic species. For example, Mount Kenya’s glaciers have shrunk by 80% since 1980, and scientists predict they could disappear entirely by 2050 unless urgent action is taken.

Yet, the mountains themselves hold the key to survival. Governments, local communities, and international organisations are developing innovative strategies to conserve these ecosystems while addressing climate impacts.

Community-Led Adaptation

In a metaphorical ascent towards sustainability, East African nations have embraced community-driven conservation. Programmes like the Tigray Restoration Initiative in Ethiopia have mobilised locals to plant millions of trees, combating soil erosion and restoring degraded mountain landscapes. This initiative exemplifies the power of grassroots action in addressing large-scale environmental challenges.

In East Africa, the Mountains ADAPT programme focuses on practical, community-driven solutions. Water harvesting systems, agroforestry, and climate-smart agriculture have improved food security and livelihoods in mountainous areas. Funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, these initiatives demonstrate the potential for replication across diverse ecological and cultural landscapes.

In Uganda’s Rwenzori Mountains, local cooperatives implement agroforestry to restore degraded lands. Meanwhile, Kenya’s community-led reforestation programmes in the Mau Forest contribute to water security for millions downstream.

Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) initiative represents bold action. Aimed at achieving a carbon-neutral economy by 2030, the CRGE integrates renewable energy development with reforestation efforts to combat desertification. Over 4 billion trees have been planted under the Green Legacy Initiative, bolstering soil health and mitigating erosion in highland regions.

Additionally, the African Great Green Wall project, while not exclusive to mountains, complements these efforts by restoring forest cover in upland areas, which act as critical water catchments for the arid lowlands.

High Ground of Renewable Energy

Africa’s mountains are not only environmental treasures; they are becoming hubs for renewable energy. Countries such as Rwanda and Kenya are harnessing their high-altitude regions for hydropower and wind energy generation. Hydropower projects, such as Ethiopia’s Grand Renaissance Dam, utilise the immense water flow from mountainous rivers to power homes and industries. Similarly, wind farms in elevated terrains provide clean energy, reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Policy Peaks: Regional Collaboration

The African Union (AU) has been a strong advocate for sustainable mountain development. The AU’s Agenda 2063 prioritises ecological preservation, recognising mountains as vital to achieving climate resilience. International partnerships, such as those with the United Nations’ Mountain Partnership, have brought funding and expertise to African nations.

For example, the IPCC’s 2022 report highlighted the need for adaptive policies that integrate scientific research with local knowledge. Initiatives like Kenya’s “Climate-Smart Agriculture” blend traditional farming techniques with modern science to boost yields while conserving upland ecosystems.

Scaling the Financial Summits

African nations are innovatively financing their mountain conservation efforts. Green bonds, carbon credits, and international climate funds have unlocked resources to scale up interventions. Rwanda, for example, has successfully attracted investment for its Volcanoes National Park, which not only protects mountain gorillas but also supports eco-tourism as a sustainable income source.

The stakes are high, but so is the resolve of African leaders and communities. With innovations in renewable energy, afforestation, and eco-tourism, mountains are no longer mere victims of climate change; they are pivotal players in Africa’s environmental renaissance.

By scaling these metaphorical peaks together, Africa is carving a path towards sustainability, ensuring that its majestic mountains remain sanctuaries of life for generations to come.

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“Restoring Lake Chad is not just about saving a water body; it’s about preserving life, security, and dignity for an entire region,” declared UN Secretary-General António Guterres. This region, once bustling with traders, fishers, and farmers, now battles against an environmental and humanitarian collapse.

A Desert in the Making

The statistics are sobering. Once spanning 25,000 square kilometres, Lake Chad’s footprint has dwindled to less than 1,500 square kilometres during particularly dry seasons. Scientists attribute this dramatic decline to a combination of climate change, excessive water extraction for irrigation, and prolonged droughts.

Communities that once thrived on the lake’s resources are now struggling. Over 30 million people depended on its waters, but as the lake dries up, livelihoods are disappearing. Fishermen find their nets empty; farmers are forced to abandon their lands; and herders clash over shrinking pastures. These struggles exacerbate food insecurity in the region, with the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) reporting that over 400,000 people are at risk of famine.

READ ALSO: Mahamat Déby’s Victory: Charting a New Course for Chad

Efforts to Revive the Basin

The Inter-Basin Water Transfer Project

A bold and controversial solution has been proposed: transferring water from the Congo River Basin to Lake Chad. Spearheaded by the African Union and the Lake Chad Basin Commission, this $14.5 billion initiative aims to pump billions of cubic metres of water annually into the lake. While the project holds promise for restoring water levels, critics have raised concerns about its environmental impact, logistical feasibility, and the massive financial investment required.

Localised Approaches

Meanwhile, countries like Nigeria and Chad are pursuing smaller-scale solutions, such as introducing efficient irrigation systems and restoring degraded wetlands. Niger, in particular, has championed large-scale reforestation under the Great Green Wall initiative, an ambitious project aimed at halting the Sahara’s encroachment and mitigating desertification.

Community-Led Solutions

Organisations such as the UNDP and FAO are empowering local populations with sustainable livelihood programmes. Training in water conservation, small-scale irrigation, and alternative farming techniques equips communities with the tools they need to adapt to the changing environment. These grassroots efforts are vital in building resilience among those most affected by the lake’s decline.

A Generation in Peril

The ecological degradation of Lake Chad has far-reaching consequences for education, health, and gender equality. In Cameroon alone, over 90 schools have closed due to conflict and instability linked to resource scarcity. Women, who often bear the responsibility of fetching water, must travel longer distances, exposing them to physical harm and reducing their ability to pursue other activities. Girls are particularly affected, with many dropping out of school to assist their families, perpetuating cycles of poverty.

The youth face bleak prospects as well. With soaring unemployment, young men are increasingly vulnerable to recruitment by armed groups operating in the region. As one displaced resident remarked, “The lake was our hope. Without it, we are lost.”

The Cost of Inaction

Failure to address the crisis carries a steep price. Economists estimate that the lake’s decline has cost the region billions in lost agricultural output. Simultaneously, humanitarian agencies are spending hundreds of millions annually to support displaced populations—an expense that will only grow if the situation remains unresolved.

“It is cheaper to save the lake than to deal with the fallout of its disappearance,” argued Ibrahim Thiaw, Executive Secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification. His words underscore the need for preventive action over reactive measures.

Soul of the Sahel

Lake Chad’s plight is not just a story of loss but also one of resilience. With coordinated action, its restoration is achievable. Communities are already adapting to the new realities, and regional governments have committed to sustainable development plans. However, these efforts alone are insufficient.

The global community must take bold steps to fund large-scale restoration projects and support local adaptation initiatives. Lake Chad’s situation serves as a stark warning of the broader climate crisis—a reminder that its effects transcend borders.

A Call to Action

The disappearance of Lake Chad is a tragedy unfolding before our eyes, yet its restoration is still within reach. What is urgently required now is decisive leadership, innovative solutions, and global solidarity. The stakes could not be higher: inaction condemns millions to insecurity and suffering, while success has the potential to transform the Sahel into a beacon of hope.

The world cannot afford to turn away. Action is needed—not tomorrow, but today—to ensure that Lake Chad remains not a relic of the past, but a vital source of life for generations to come.

The post Lake Chad: Is There Hope for Saving the Disappearing Lake? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

However, investing in infrastructure and modern technological solutions can act as a transformative force, unlocking the continent’s agricultural potential and improving the livelihoods of millions.

READ ALSO: http://Top 10 African Countries Bridging the Infrastructure Gap

1. Transport and Logistics:

One of the pressing challenges in African agriculture is underdeveloped transport systems that make it difficult for farmers to access markets locally and internationally. According to the World Bank, only around 20% of roads in sub-Saharan Africa are paved, increasing the cost and time required to transport goods. Investments in rural roads and bridges is essential to reduce transportation costs and improve market access, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity.

such as the Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA) aim to address these gaps by building reliable transport networks across the continent.

2. Irrigation and Water Management:

Erratic rainfall patterns and prolonged dry spells, exacerbated by climate change, have led to frequent crop failures. Irrigation infrastructure is one of the most effective ways to mitigate these challenges, yet, the sector remains underdeveloped. Only about 6% of Africa’s arable land is irrigated, compared to 40% in Asia. To increase food production and safeguard against climate volatility, African governments must prioritise investments in small and medium-scale irrigation systems.

3. Storage and Processing Facilities:

Post-harvest losses are another major issue affecting agriculture in Africa. It is estimated that 40% of food produced on the continent is lost annually due to inadequate storage and poor handling practices. This not only undermines food security but also increases the cost of food. More investments in cold storage units, silos, and processing plants are essential to reduce waste, and add value.

The Power of Technology in Agriculture

1. Precision Farming and Digital Tools:

The application of technology in agriculture is an area where Africa is beginning to see remarkable progress. Digital tools like mobile applications, satellite imagery, and precision farming techniques are enabling farmers to make more informed decisions and improve yields. Technologies like drones and remote sensing can monitor crop health, detect pests, and evaluate soil quality.

2. Agricultural Inputs and Biotech:

The use of genetically modified (GM) crops is a critical area of advancement will revolutionise agriculture by increasing crop yields and improve food security. However, restrictive regulatory frameworks in many African countries hinder their adoption. create enabling environments that facilitate the safe and responsible use of biotechnology while ensuring that safety standards are met.

3. Fintech and Access to Finance:

Access to finance remains one of the most significant barriers for African farmers, particularly smallholders who often lack the capital needed to invest in modern equipment, inputs, or technology. Fintech innovations such as mobile money platforms and blockchain technology are bridging this gap. Blockchain, in particular, can create transparent and traceable supply chains, attracting investment and enabling farmers to secure better market access.

Access to finance remains one of the most significant barriers for African farmers, particularly smallholder farmers who lack the capital to invest in modern equipment, inputs, or technology. Fintech solutions like mobile money platforms and blockchain technology bridging this gap. Blockchain, in particular, can create transparent and traceable supply chains, attracting investment and providing farmers with better market access.

4. Public-Private Partnerships and Investment

Given the scale of the infrastructure and technological needs, addressing Africa’s agricultural challenges requires a concerted effort from both the public and private sectors. Governments must prioritize agriculture as a key pillar of economic growth, not just through policy support but also by creating investment-friendly environments. For example, partnerships between governments, international donors, and private agribusinesses could help finance large-scale irrigation systems, rural electrification, and the establishment of processing plants.

Africa’s agricultural challenges are vast and complex, but with the right investments in infrastructure and technology, the continent can unlock its full agricultural potential. Improved roads, irrigation systems, storage facilities, and the adoption of digital and biotech innovations can transform African agriculture, boost food security, and create sustainable livelihoods for millions. By focusing on the integration of technology and infrastructure, Africa can create a modern agricultural ecosystem and contribute to global food security.

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