With over 240 million children out of school and education financing under strain, the role of open universities has never been more crucial. African nations are now spending almost as much on debt repayment as they do on education, according to recent reports. Meanwhile, global education aid has declined from 9.3% in 2019 to 7.6% in 2022. Open universities have stepped in to fill this gap, with UNESCO reporting that over 202 million students were enrolled in open and distance learning programmes globally in 2023.

READ ALSO: Education, Partnerships, and the Future of Learning in Africa

Globally, open universities have revolutionised learning, enabling millions to earn degrees through flexible, distance-based platforms. Institutions such as The Open University in the United Kingdom, which has produced over 2.2 million alumni since its inception in 1969, have proven that quality education can thrive outside conventional classrooms. In the United States, institutions like the University of Phoenix have leveraged online learning to accommodate working adults. A study by the International Association of Universities (IAU) found that over 110 million students worldwide are engaged in some form of open and distance learning. UNESCO reports that by 2030, the demand for higher education will double, surpassing 400 million students, underscoring the urgency for more open-access educational frameworks. In Africa, where UNESCO estimates that tertiary education enrolment stands at approximately 9%—far below the global average of 38%—open universities represent a vital solution to this growing crisis.

Africa’s educational challenges are deeply rooted in systemic issues, including inadequate infrastructure, economic disparities, and a rapidly expanding youth population. With a continent-wide university deficit and an estimated 98 million young people projected to seek higher education by 2050, open universities offer a beacon of hope. Nigeria’s National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is one of the continent’s leading institutions embracing this model. Established in 1983 and relaunched in 2002, NOUN has over 500,000 enrolled students, dwarfing the capacity of most traditional universities in the country. Similarly, South Africa’s University of South Africa (UNISA), one of the largest open universities in the world, enrols over 370,000 students from 130 countries, making higher education accessible regardless of geographic constraints.

One of the key advantages of open universities is their ability to accommodate students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. While traditional universities in Africa often struggle with overcrowding and limited resources, open universities operate on a scalable model that alleviates these constraints. Rwanda’s University of Global Health Equity, through blended learning models, enables medical students from rural areas to earn degrees without relocating to urban centres. This innovative approach addresses the continent’s critical shortage of healthcare professionals, which the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates at a deficit of 4.2 million medical workers.

Furthermore, open universities offer cost-effective solutions to higher education. A 2022 report by the World Bank highlights that tuition fees for open universities are typically 40–60% lower than their traditional counterparts. In Kenya, for instance, a degree at the Open University of Kenya, launched in 2023, is estimated to cost significantly less than conventional universities, making education more affordable for a broader demographic. The impact of such affordability cannot be overstated, particularly in a region where the average income remains low.

Technological advancements have also been a game changer in the expansion of open universities in Africa. The rise of mobile learning platforms, increased internet penetration, and e-learning innovations have enabled students to access coursework remotely. Ghana’s Accra Institute of Technology (AIT) has leveraged artificial intelligence-driven personalised learning paths, increasing student engagement and reducing dropout rates. However, challenges remain, including internet accessibility, with only 43% of Africans having regular access to broadband services, according to a 2023 report by the African Telecommunications Union. Bridging this gap through governmental and private sector investments in digital infrastructure will be key to scaling the success of open universities across the continent.

A critical aspect of open universities is their contribution to workforce development. Employers in Africa increasingly recognise the value of degrees earned through open and distance learning (ODL). A study by the Association of African Universities found that 72% of employers in Africa now consider ODL graduates as competent as those from traditional universities, a significant shift from past scepticism. This change is driven by curriculum innovations that emphasise skills development and practical applications, ensuring graduates are job-ready.

Despite the promising trajectory, challenges remain. Regulatory frameworks for open universities vary across the continent, leading to issues of accreditation and degree recognition. Additionally, the lack of physical interaction in purely online courses raises concerns about student engagement and practical training, particularly in fields that require hands-on experience, such as engineering and medicine. Countries like Egypt and Morocco have adopted hybrid models, integrating periodic in-person workshops to complement online coursework, striking a balance between flexibility and academic rigour.

Looking ahead, the future of open universities in Africa hinges on sustained policy support, investment in digital infrastructure, and a shift in societal attitudes towards non-traditional education pathways. Governments must integrate open universities into national education strategies, ensuring seamless articulation between ODL degrees and the broader higher education ecosystem. International partnerships with established global institutions could also enhance curriculum quality and degree recognition, fostering greater acceptance of open university graduates in the global job market.

As Africa stands at the crossroads of an educational revolution, open universities are proving to be great equalisers of knowledge. They serve as bridges connecting ambition with opportunity, allowing a rural farmer in Uganda, a young entrepreneur in Lagos, or a single mother in Johannesburg to reshape their futures through learning. The expansion of open universities is not merely an alternative; it is an imperative—a reimagination of education that places no student beyond reach. With deliberate investment, strategic policymaking, and the continuous embrace of technology, Africa can transform the promise of open universities into a continental reality that drives development, inclusion, and progress.

The post How Open Universities Are Expanding Access to Higher Education in Africa appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

For centuries, Egypt has been synonymous with pharaohs, pyramids, and the Nile. Yet beyond the iconic landmarks lies a tapestry of untold stories, a rich history extending far beyond the well-trodden tourist trails. Egypt’s past is a layered narrative, from the ancient dynasties that built monumental temples to the Hellenistic influence of Alexandria, the Roman rule, and the Islamic empires that shaped its culture. This rich heritage has left behind a treasure trove of hidden gems, sites that offer a glimpse into lesser-known aspects of Egypt’s past.

READ ALSO: The Land of Pharaohs: Egypt’s Tourism Sector Hits Record Revenues

Today, Egypt straddles the ancient and the modern. While the pyramids and temples continue to draw millions, a new wave of travellers seeks authentic experiences, venturing beyond the familiar. They are discovering the hidden tombs of Alexandria, exploring the ancient monasteries of the Red Sea mountains, and immersing themselves in the vibrant culture of Nubian villages along the Nile.

The future of Egyptian tourism lies in diversifying its offerings, showcasing its hidden gems, and promoting sustainable practices. The government is investing in infrastructure and restoration projects, aiming to attract a broader range of travellers. According to the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Egypt welcomed over 11.7 million tourists in 2023, a significant increase from previous years, demonstrating the sector’s recovery and growth potential. There is a growing emphasis on cultural tourism, ecotourism, and adventure tourism, providing opportunities for visitors to connect with local communities and explore the country’s natural beauty.

Why must travellers visit Egypt now?

Because it is a journey through time, a chance to witness the convergence of ancient wonders and modern aspirations. It is an opportunity to explore hidden tombs and forgotten temples, to wander through bustling souks and serene desert landscapes, and to experience the warmth and hospitality of the Egyptian people.

 The Catacombs of Kom El Shoqafa (Alexandria): These subterranean tombs, a blend of Egyptian and Greco-Roman architectural styles, offer a fascinating glimpse into the city’s Hellenistic past.

 The White Monastery (Sohag): Nestled in the Red Sea mountains, this ancient Coptic monastery is a testament to Egypt’s early Christian heritage, with beautifully preserved frescoes and a serene atmosphere.

 The Nubian Villages (Aswan): These colourful villages along the Nile provide a unique cultural experience, where visitors can learn about Nubian traditions, music, and cuisine.

 The Valley of the Golden Mummies (Bahariya Oasis): Discovered in the 1990s, this vast burial site contains thousands of mummies from the Roman era, offering a glimpse into the lives of ordinary Egyptians.

 The Underwater Museum of Alexandria: The remains of Cleopatra’s palace and other ancient ruins rest beneath the sea in Alexandria’s harbour. Diving, snorkelling, or viewing from glass-bottom boats offers an extraordinary experience. According to UNESCO, the Underwater Museum project aims to protect and showcase these submerged cultural treasures, attracting divers and history enthusiasts.

These are just a few examples of the hidden gems that await travellers in Egypt. By venturing beyond the familiar, visitors can gain a deeper understanding of Egypt’s rich history and diverse culture.

Egypt is a land of contrasts, where ancient wonders coexist with modern aspirations. It is a place where the past whispers its secrets, and the future beckons with promise. As you walk through the shadows of ancient tombs or gaze upon the sun-drenched landscapes, you will realise that Egypt is more than just a destination; it is an experience, a journey into the heart of history, a story waiting to be written by you.

The post Discover Egypt’s Best Hidden Attractions & Untold Stories appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Despite significant progress, women in Africa remain underrepresented in STEM careers. The UNESCO Institute for Statistics reports that only 28% of researchers worldwide are women, with the percentage being even lower in Africa. However, African women are increasingly breaking barriers, redefining innovation, and inspiring future generations to embrace STEM fields.

READ ALSO: African Icons in STEM: Leading Innovation Beyond Borders

The Gender Gap in African STEM

Women in Africa face multiple obstacles in STEM careers, including cultural biases, limited access to quality education, lack of mentorship, and inadequate funding for female-led scientific research. In many African countries, girls are often discouraged from pursuing technical subjects, resulting in fewer women enrolling in STEM programmes at the university level. According to a 2023 UNESCO report, fewer than 30% of STEM graduates in sub-Saharan Africa are women.

However, initiatives led by governments, NGOs, and private institutions are actively working to bridge the gender gap. Programmes such as Women in Tech Africa, the Mawazo Institute, and the African Women in Science and Engineering (AWSE) provide scholarships, mentorship, and funding opportunities to encourage more African girls to enter STEM fields.

Voices from the Field

Regina Honu, a Ghanaian tech entrepreneur and founder of Soronko Solutions, is transforming the tech industry by training young African women in coding, software development, and digital skills. Honu believes that empowering women with digital skills is key to Africa’s technological advancement. “STEM is not just a career path; it is a gateway to economic freedom and innovation,” she asserts.

Similarly, Yvonne Palm, a recognised leader in STEM and one of the 50 Most Influential Women in Africa (2024), highlights the importance of resilience. “Don’t give up, no matter what challenges you face,” she advises young girls pursuing careers in science and technology.

African Women Revolutionising STEM

African women are making groundbreaking contributions in various STEM disciplines:
 Dr Quarraisha Abdool Karim (South Africa): A leading epidemiologist whose HIV/AIDS research has saved millions of lives.
 Dr Isatou Touray (The Gambia): A public health specialist and advocate for women’s rights in scientific research.
 Dr Tolullah Oni (Nigeria): A physician-scientist working on urban health innovations to improve city planning and health outcomes.

These women, among many others, serve as living proof that African women are at the forefront of scientific breakthroughs, pushing the continent towards greater technological and healthcare advancements.

How Can We Bolster the Future of Women in STEM?

1. To sustain and accelerate progress, stakeholders must take proactive measures to support African women and girls in STEM:
2. Encourage Early STEM Education – Schools must integrate hands-on science projects and digital literacy programmes for girls from an early age.
3. Increase Funding and Scholarships – Governments and private entities should provide more grants, fellowships, and research funding for female scientists.
4. Create Inclusive Work Environments – Organisations must actively eliminate workplace biases and foster mentorship programmes.
5. Promote Female Role Models – The media should highlight successful African women in STEM to inspire the next generation.

The future of Africa’s STEM industry is female. By addressing gender disparities, providing equitable opportunities, and empowering young girls, Africa can harness the full potential of its women scientists, engineers, and tech innovators. As Her Voice in Science gains momentum, the world must listen, support, and invest in the limitless possibilities that African women bring to STEM.

The post Her Voice in Science: Unpacking STEM Careers for African Women and Girls appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Today, despite decades of independence, Africa’s political map still reflects this imposed fragmentation, stifling the dream of true unity. According to the African Union (AU), intra-African trade accounts for just 16% of the continent’s total trade volume—a stark contrast to Europe’s 68% and Asia’s 59%. This is not just a statistic; it is a reality that defines Africa’s fractured economic and political landscape.

READ ALSO: The Role of African Union in Promoting Intra-African Cooperation

African Union or African Disunion?

The AU, established in 2001 to replace the Organisation of African Unity (OAU), was envisioned as the bedrock for African solidarity. Yet, two decades later, the vision of a politically and economically integrated Africa remains elusive. While the AU has made strides in conflict resolution, notably in the Central African Republic and Sudan, its efforts are frequently hamstrung by nationalistic interests and external interference.

The 2019 signing of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was heralded as a game-changer, promising a $3.4 trillion economic bloc (World Bank, 2021). However, logistical barriers, infrastructural deficits, and policy inconsistencies continue to hinder its full implementation. With only 47 out of 54 African nations having ratified the agreement (UNECA, 2024), scepticism lingers over whether Africa’s leaders are genuinely committed to dissolving the economic borders that inhibit progress.

Economic Fragmentation

Despite their collective wealth in natural resources, African economies remain fragmented. The lack of regional economic integration exacerbates Africa’s vulnerability to external shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed this harsh reality, as African nations struggled to secure medical supplies due to over-reliance on foreign imports.

The World Trade Organisation (WTO) reported that Africa’s share in global trade remains at a dismal 2.7% (2023), a telling sign of the continent’s failure to harness its collective strength. In contrast, China, a single country, commands over 12% of global trade. This economic isolation is reinforced by infrastructural inadequacies; the African Development Bank (AfDB) estimates that Africa requires $130-$170 billion annually in infrastructure investments to bridge this gap. Without a unified economic strategy, Africa remains a patchwork of struggling economies rather than a formidable global player.

Political Fragmentation

African unity is further undermined by political fragmentation. Borders, drawn by European rulers with little regard for African realities, continue to ignite ethnic and territorial conflicts. The Tigray conflict in Ethiopia, the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, and the perennial instability in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) all bear the imprint of colonial border legacies. According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), Africa accounted for over 37% of global conflict events in 2023.

Despite initiatives such as the AU’s “Silencing the Guns” agenda, political instability remains a formidable roadblock to unity. Without addressing the underlying causes of these conflicts, many of which stem from historical injustices tied to borders, Africa will struggle to achieve genuine unity.

The Cultural Paradox

Africa is a continent of deep cultural connectivity. With over 2,000 languages spoken and shared historical narratives, the foundation for unity is stronger than its artificial borders suggest. The Swahili language, spoken by over 200 million people, has been championed as a potential unifying linguistic bridge (UNESCO, 2023). Yet, linguistic divisions, reinforced by colonial legacies, persist. Francophone, Anglophone, and Lusophone nations often engage more with their former colonial masters than with their African neighbours.

The push for cultural re-Africanisation, including initiatives to revive indigenous governance systems and promote pan-African education, remains an untapped resource in forging a truly united continent.

Between Idealism and Pragmatism

Can Africa ever achieve true unity? The answer lies in a blend of idealism and pragmatism. A complete erasure of borders is unrealistic; however, redefining these borders to transform them from barriers into bridges is achievable. Economic integration through full implementation of AfCFTA, political coordination through stronger AU governance mechanisms, and infrastructural interconnectivity via projects like the Trans-African Highway Network (AU, 2023) can pave the way for a more unified Africa.
Moreover, decolonising the African mindset—embracing an identity beyond imposed nationalities and fostering a pan-African consciousness—is essential.

The Dawn of a Borderless Mindset

As Africa stands at the crossroads of unity and fragmentation, the need for a borderless mindset is more critical than ever. An African proverb reminds us that when spider webs unite, they can tie up a lion. If African nations can weave together their economies, policies, and cultures, they can subdue the lion of disunity that has long hindered progress.

True unity may not mean the dissolution of borders but rather transcending them—a unity not just of geography but of purpose, vision, and destiny.

The question remains: will Africa rise above the scars of colonial cartography and chart a new path for itself? The answer lies not in external interventions but in the collective will of its people and leaders to turn the dream of unity into reality.

The post Africa’s Fragmented Nations and the Quest for Unity appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

In the past two decades, primary school enrolment across sub-Saharan Africa surged from 52% in 1990 to nearly 85% in 2019. This impressive growth is largely due to international support, national policies prioritising education, and initiatives such as the Education for All movement, which emphasised universal primary education.

READ ALSO: Building Local Capacity in Africa: Education and Skills Development

By 2024, nearly 85% of African countries had achieved gender parity in primary school enrolment. Girls’ education, particularly in West and East Africa, has seen significant advances due to community-based programmes and partnerships between governments and NGOs. However, disparities remain. According to UNESCO’s 2024 Scorecard, nearly 20 million children are still out of school across the continent, the majority living in conflict-affected areas or rural regions with limited infrastructure.

Several countries have made remarkable strides towards achieving SDG 4. Rwanda stands out with its 12-year basic education policy, ensuring free education for all children up to the age of 18, while Kenya has leveraged technology through its Digital Literacy Programme to improve access to learning, especially in remote areas. Ghana has made notable progress in closing the gender gap in education, with initiatives such as the Girls’ Education Unit increasing enrolment and retention rates among girls. Similarly, South Africa’s emphasis on inclusive education for children with disabilities has led to successful integration into mainstream schools.

Nigeria’s National Home-Grown School Feeding Programme has improved school attendance and retention by providing free meals to over nine million children. Uganda’s Universal Primary Education initiative has dramatically increased enrolment rates, particularly in rural areas, reaching 90% by 2022. Mali has made significant literacy gains through its Literacy and Basic Education Programme, focusing on adults, particularly women, in rural regions. These initiatives have collectively driven substantial progress in ensuring that all children, regardless of background or ability, have access to education.

Each of these countries has tailored its approach to local challenges, demonstrating that with political commitment, community engagement, and innovative strategies, significant progress is possible. While challenges remain, particularly regarding quality and infrastructure, these successes underscore that the African continent is on the right path to achieving universal education. By investing in transformative programmes, nations across Africa are breaking barriers and providing new opportunities for future generations.

The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the global education landscape, and Africa was no exception. The rapid closure of schools in 2020 affected over 250 million learners across the continent, exacerbating pre-existing inequalities in access to quality education. The abrupt shift to remote learning left millions of children without access to digital devices or internet connectivity, making education particularly challenging in rural and underserved areas.

However, the crisis also spurred innovation. African countries turned to mobile learning platforms, radio broadcasts, and television programmes to deliver lessons, though these were largely temporary solutions. Long-term strategies are needed to ensure technology integration is equitable and effective. Investments in educational technology could play a crucial role in bridging the educational divide and ensuring no child is left behind.

Regional Disparities and Gender Inequality

Africa’s progress in education is not uniform. Countries in North Africa have made substantial progress towards achieving SDG 4, with near-universal primary school enrolment and high literacy rates. In contrast, sub-Saharan Africa continues to face persistent challenges, particularly in rural areas and conflict zones.

Gender inequality remains a significant barrier. While the gender gap in education has narrowed, girls in Africa are still more likely to be excluded from school due to cultural factors, early marriages, and safety concerns. According to UNESCO, girls in rural areas and conflict-affected countries are twice as likely to be out of school compared to boys. Addressing gender disparities is critical not only for the empowerment of women and girls but also for economic growth, as educated women contribute significantly to national development.

Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET)

A key area for Africa’s education system is Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET). The continent’s rapidly growing young population requires skills-based education to meet labour market demands. Unfortunately, TVET systems across Africa are underdeveloped, underfunded, and often disconnected from economic needs. Many countries still lack sufficient infrastructure to provide technical education to their youth.

TVET programmes also struggle to deliver high-quality, relevant training aligned with local economies. For example, while agriculture remains a crucial sector for many African countries, vocational education in agricultural sciences is still insufficient. Efforts to improve and expand TVET programmes are underway, but greater investment is required to develop skills for the future workforce.

Financing Education

For Africa to meet its SDG 4 targets, substantial investments in education are required. According to the African Union’s 2018 policy framework, African countries should allocate at least 4–6% of GDP to education. However, many countries continue to fall short of this target. The funding gap is compounded by domestic resource mobilisation challenges, where education competes with other urgent needs such as healthcare, infrastructure, and security.

International support remains crucial. The World Bank and other global partners have played an essential role in financing education programmes in Africa, but funding must be directed towards building sustainable education systems resilient to crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Way Forward

To overcome these challenges, Africa must invest in technology-driven educational solutions, strengthen its teaching workforce, and prioritise learning outcomes in policy-making. Countries like Kenya and South Africa are already leading with ambitious plans to integrate digital tools in classrooms and universities, preparing students for the demands of the digital economy.

Collaboration between governments, civil society, and the private sector is essential to achieving SDG 4. Initiatives such as the Global Partnership for Education and the African Education Fund are already supporting education reforms, and more countries must align their national strategies with these global efforts.

Achieving SDG 4 in Africa is ambitious but attainable. With concerted efforts, innovative solutions, and increased investment, the continent can overcome barriers to education and ensure every child has the opportunity to thrive. As we look to 2030, it is clear that education is key to unlocking Africa’s potential, providing the foundation for sustainable development, economic growth, and societal well-being. Through inclusive policies, equitable access, and quality learning, Africa can break the cycle of poverty and create a brighter future for generations to come.

The post Can Africa Achieve Education for All? appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

Despite progress, gender inequality in education remains a pressing issue. According to UNESCO, 34 million girls in sub-Saharan Africa are still out of school, and this gap continues to impact the future opportunities of millions of young women. However, significant and innovative efforts are underway to close this gap, working towards a more inclusive, equitable educational landscape across the continent. Here’s how we can help bridge the divide and ensure that young girls across Africa receive the education they deserve.

Challenge Cultural Norms and Gender Stereotypes

Deep-rooted cultural norms often discourage girls from prioritising education, instead steering them towards early marriage or domestic roles. According to the United Nations Population Fund, one in three girls in sub-Saharan Africa marries before the age of 18, cutting short their educational journeys. Programmes such as the Campaign for Female Education (CAMFED) engage families, local leaders, and educators to advocate for gender equality in schools. By raising awareness about the long-term benefits of educating girls, communities are beginning to recognise that empowered girls are future economic contributors and leaders.

Provide Gender-Sensitive School Facilities

Basic school infrastructure can be a significant barrier for girls, especially in rural areas. A lack of private restrooms and hygiene facilities often leads to absenteeism, particularly during menstruation, resulting in poor academic performance and higher dropout rates. According to UNICEF, one in ten girls in Africa misses school during menstruation due to inadequate facilities. By investing in gender-sensitive infrastructure, such as separate sanitation facilities and access to menstrual products, schools can create an environment that better supports girls to stay engaged in their studies and realise their full potential.

Financial Support and Scholarships for Girls

Financial constraints force many African families to prioritise boys’ education over girls’. UNESCO reports that 30% of girls from low-income households in sub-Saharan Africa have never attended school. Scholarships, subsidies, and financial incentives for girls can help level the playing field. Organisations such as the African Women’s Development Fund (AWDF) and Education Cannot Wait (ECW) offer scholarships to disadvantaged girls, enabling them to overcome financial barriers. These initiatives not only support individual girls but also inspire communities to prioritise education for their daughters.

Increase Female Role Models in Education

Representation can profoundly impact young girls’ aspirations. Female teachers and role models show girls that they, too, can succeed academically and professionally. When students see women in leadership roles—whether as teachers, principals, or community leaders—they are encouraged to imagine futures for themselves beyond traditional domestic roles. According to the World Bank, girls are 20% more likely to stay in school when they have female role models in education. Programmes that recruit and support female educators are vital in building a supportive network for young girls.

Leverage Technology to Broaden Access

In an increasingly digital world, technology offers new opportunities to make education more accessible. Mobile learning platforms and remote education initiatives help students in remote or underserved regions connect with high-quality educational resources. For example, Eneza Education in Kenya has enabled thousands of rural girls to access study materials and participate in learning via mobile phones. Digital tools provide flexible learning schedules, allowing girls to balance both school and home responsibilities. This can be pivotal in addressing educational gaps in remote areas.

Advocate for Government Policy Support

Long-term change requires policy reform at the government level. Several African nations have made strides in supporting girls’ education through progressive policies. For example, Rwanda’s Girls’ Education Policy has contributed to significant improvements in attendance and graduation rates among girls. Policymakers must prioritise equal access to education, protect girls from harmful practices like early marriage, and ensure safer school environments where girls can thrive academically.

Build Community Awareness and Engagement

Community-based advocacy is crucial for sustainable change. Awareness campaigns and programmes that promote the benefits of girls’ education help address and dispel misconceptions. Organisations such as Plan International and the Girl Child Network run grassroots campaigns to drive gender equality in education. By involving community members and addressing local concerns, these initiatives help build a supportive environment for young girls.

READ  ALSO:African Women in Parliament: A Slow Progress?

For centuries, the exclusion of girls from education has stunted the growth of African societies. Bridging the gender gap in education is not only about empowering individual girls; it is about transforming entire communities and nations. Educated girls grow into empowered women who uplift their families, strengthen communities, and contribute to the economy.

We all have a role to play in ensuring this positive change continues. Whether through donating to organisations that provide scholarships for girls, supporting advocacy efforts, or simply raising awareness, every effort counts.

Join the movement to create equal educational opportunities for young girls in Africa. Together, we can shape a brighter future—one where every girl in Africa is educated, empowered, and thriving.

The post Bridging the Gender Gap in African Education: Key Strategies for Lasting Change appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

A World Bank report highlights that narrowing the gender gap in sub-Saharan Africa’s tech sector could add as much as $316 billion to the continent’s economy by 2025.

Africa’s Tech Landscape

Africa is witnessing a boom in tech hubs, with over 640 active hubs as of 2022, concentrated mainly in Nigeria, South Africa, Egypt, and Kenya. These hubs are centres of innovation, offering resources for startups, funding opportunities, and training programs to build the next generation of tech entrepreneurs. However, according to the World Bank, only 28% of these tech startups are founded or co-founded by women.

The World Economic Forum (WEF) estimates that closing the gender gap in Africa’s technology sector could boost the continent’s GDP by over $316 billion by 2025. This underlines both the economic benefits and the importance of creating technology that serves the diverse needs of African communities.

Female Participation and Leadership in Tech

Workforce Participation: Data from the International Finance Corporation (IFC) indicate that women make up roughly 30% of the tech workforce in sub-Saharan Africa, compared to nearly 50% in more developed economies.

Leadership Representation: Women hold less than 15% of executive roles in African tech firms, with only 8% of CEO positions held by females. This reveals a significant barrier to leadership roles in the sector.

Funding Disparity: Female-led tech startups in Africa receive less than 5% of venture capital funding, while male-led startups secure over 90%, underscoring the need for more equitable financial support.

Educational Barriers: According to UNESCO, women in sub-Saharan Africa represent just 35% of students in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields, which are crucial for careers in technology.

Case Study: Kenya’s Konza Technopolis

Kenya’s Konza Technopolis, also known as “Silicon Savannah,” is one of Africa’s most ambitious tech projects. Designed as a hub for innovation and a magnet for global investors, Konza has adopted diversity initiatives to boost female participation in the tech sector. The project includes quotas for female entrepreneurs and technologists in its talent pool.

Over 300 women have joined the Konza incubation program, receiving training in fields such as cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, and data science. This initiative has been pivotal in challenging traditional gender roles in Kenya’s tech industry, encouraging more women to engage in high-skill tech areas. Successful female-led startups, including FarmDrive and Moringa School, have emerged from these programs, driving innovation across sectors such as fintech and agritech.

Challenges Facing Women in Tech

Despite progress, women in Africa’s tech industry face significant challenges:

Access to Funding: Studies from the World Bank reveal that women-led tech ventures often encounter greater barriers to securing financial support compared to men, limiting their ability to grow and impact the tech ecosystem.

Cultural and Societal Norms: In many African countries, cultural expectations discourage women from pursuing careers in tech. Societal biases frequently push women toward roles perceived as “more suitable,” such as those in education or healthcare, steering them away from technology and engineering fields.

READ ALSO:Combatting Violence Against Women in the DRC

Skill Gaps: The limited availability of STEM education for women leads to skill gaps that hinder their entry into tech roles. Addressing these gaps will require focused investment in educational reforms, especially in regions with low female representation in secondary and tertiary STEM programs.

The Path Forward

For sustained growth, Africa must invest in STEM education initiatives targeting young women. Programs like Nigeria’s “She Leads Africa” and Rwanda’s “Girls in ICT” serve as powerful examples, providing mentorship, scholarships, and networking opportunities to bridge the gender gap. Similarly, the African Girls Can Code program, a joint initiative by the African Union and UN Women, is equipping girls with coding and digital skills, preparing them for future careers in technology.

Although challenges remain, with sustained investment and commitment, Africa’s tech sector has the potential to become a global leader in gender inclusivity. Closing the gender gap will unlock significant innovation, economic growth, and new opportunities across the continent.

The post Africa’s Tech Revolution and the Pathway for Women appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

“From the moment I arrived in Dorze, it was clear that the village is much more than a destination—it’s a living symbol of tradition, resilience, and adaptability. As I wandered through the bamboo-framed alleyways, it wasn’t just the visually stunning textiles and homes that caught my attention, but the stories, laughter, and deep cultural pride of the people,” said Jessica Loans, a solo travel blogger.

A Cultural Legacy Rooted in Tradition

The Dorze, a small Omotic ethnic group, are renowned for their exceptional weaving skills. Historically known as the “weavers of Ethiopia,” they have built a reputation for producing some of the finest cotton garments in the country. This weaving tradition, which spans over 500 years, has earned Dorze national and international recognition. According to UNESCO, Ethiopian weaving traditions, heavily influenced by the Dorze, account for around 20% of the country’s textile exports.

Their fabrics are not only used locally but have also become popular exports, symbolising the cultural richness of the village.

What truly stands out in Dorze is their remarkable architecture. Their iconic elephant-shaped huts, constructed from bamboo and enset leaves, can last up to 80 years if properly maintained. Standing as tall as 12 metres (39 feet), these huts are designed to be portable. As termites eat away at the lower part of the structure, the huts are lifted and moved, becoming shorter but remaining fully functional. This eco-friendly design has attracted the attention of architects and sustainability advocates worldwide, positioning Dorze as a model for sustainable living.

According to a 2023 report by the Ethiopian Ministry of Housing, 68% of rural Ethiopian homes are still built from traditional materials such as mud, thatch, and bamboo. Dorze’s architecture exemplifies the adaptability and resilience of traditional building techniques in the modern era.

Agricultural Ingenuity and Culinary Traditions

The Dorze people are not only skilled artisans but also adept farmers. Their staple crop is enset, known as the false banana, which plays a crucial role in their diet and culture. The entire plant is utilised—its roots for food, its leaves for building huts, and its fibres for rope-making. A recent agricultural survey by the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research reveals that nearly 20 million people in Ethiopia cultivate enset, contributing significantly to food security in drought-prone regions.

From enset, the Dorze prepare kocho, a traditional flatbread fermented over several weeks. As I shared a meal of kocho and wot (a traditional spicy stew) with a Dorze family, I learned that meal preparation is a communal activity, with methods passed down through generations. Dr Mesfin Wolde Mariam, a renowned Ethiopian anthropologist, has often remarked, “Enset is not only a staple food for the Dorze but a symbol of their resilience and sustainability.”

A Hub for Cultural Tourism

In recent years, Dorze Village has emerged as a hub for cultural tourism. According to the Ethiopian Ministry of Culture and Tourism, visitor numbers have increased by 40% between 2018 and 2023, making Dorze one of the most visited cultural sites in southern Ethiopia. Its proximity to Lake Chamo and Nechisar National Park further enhances its appeal. Eco-tourism initiatives, including homestays and cultural workshops, have provided the local community with economic benefits while helping to preserve their unique way of life.

Tourism has not only boosted the village’s economy but has also created a platform for cultural exchange. However, there is a collective understanding that the influx of visitors must be carefully managed to prevent cultural erosion. As of 2022, tourism to Dorze contributed an estimated $3 million to the local economy—a significant sum for a village with fewer than 10,000 residents.

Preserving Dorze Culture for Future Generations

Despite growing interest from tourists, the Dorze people remain deeply committed to safeguarding their cultural heritage. Elders play a vital role in passing down knowledge and skills, ensuring that younger generations understand and appreciate their ancestral customs. The resilience of the Dorze community is further supported by non-governmental organisations (NGOs) focused on preserving indigenous cultures and promoting sustainable tourism.

In a rapidly changing world, Dorze Village stands as a beacon of how a community can honour its past while embracing the future. As global interest in eco-tourism and cultural preservation grows, Dorze’s model of sustainable living, rich traditions, and strong sense of community offer valuable lessons to the world. For visitors, the village is more than just a destination—it’s a reminder that true wealth lies in preserving one’s roots.

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According to a 2023 UN report, Africa has the world’s largest population of young people, with over 60% of its population under the age of 25. By the end of the century, 42% of the global working-age population will be African. This presents a unique opportunity but also poses significant challenges for the continent.

One of the most pressing challenges is educating this rapidly growing young population. According to UNESCO, nearly 260 million children and adolescents worldwide are out of school, with around 100 million of them in Africa. Furthermore, 86% of 10-year-olds on the continent cannot read or comprehend simple texts.

This lack of access to quality education is a foundational issue that underpins many of Africa’s challenges, including economic development, social cohesion, and political stability.

Despite the gravity of the situation, Africa has made considerable progress. School completion rates have increased between 2000 and 2022. Primary school attendance has risen from 52% to 69%, lower secondary from 35% to 50%, and upper secondary from 23% to 33%. Notably, there have also been significant strides in girls’ education.

However, access to primary and secondary education remains uneven. Countries such as Rwanda and Ethiopia have made notable progress in enrolling more children in schools. Yet, other nations, particularly those affected by conflict or poverty, lag behind. Rural areas face the greatest disparities, with a lack of infrastructure and cultural barriers, particularly for girls, hindering educational access.

In addition to access, the quality of education is a major concern. Many African schools struggle with overcrowded classrooms, inadequate resources, and poorly trained teachers. The African Development Bank has highlighted that in some countries, a large proportion of teachers are not adequately qualified to deliver effective instruction.

Another issue is that education curricula in many African countries are often misaligned with the skills required in the modern job market. As a result, many graduates are unprepared for the workforce, contributing to high rates of youth unemployment, with many struggling to find jobs that match their qualifications.

Efforts to reform education systems are underway, with governments and organisations implementing initiatives to improve teacher training, modernise curricula, and integrate technology. UNESCO and its partners have developed indicators to help governments, donors, and UN partners address educational challenges more effectively.

The adoption of technology in education has been pivotal in bridging gaps in access and quality. E-learning platforms, mobile education apps, and digital resources are emerging as vital tools. Organisations like Plan International and UNICEF are also working to dismantle gender barriers in education by advocating for policies that support girls’ education and empower female students.

The state of primary and secondary education in Africa reflects both the continent’s challenges and its potential. As Africa strives to educate its young population, improving access to and the quality of education will be key. With concerted efforts and innovative approaches, the vision of an educated Africa can become a reality—one that not only transforms individual lives but also drives sustainable development and prosperity across the continent.

The post Bridging the Gap: Education, Development, and the Future of Africa’s Youth appeared first on African Leadership Magazine.

On this World Teachers’ Day, we celebrate African teachers who have become the lifeline of education in a changing world, often going beyond their traditional roles to ensure that children, particularly the most marginalised, have access to learning and opportunities to thrive.

According to reports from UNESCO, public education expenditure accounts for 4.2% of gross domestic product (GDP) (ranging from 3.3% in Eastern and South-eastern Asia to 5.4% in Oceania) and 14.2% of total public expenditure (from 9.6% in Northern Africa and Western Asia to 16.5% in sub-Saharan Africa).

High-income countries spend 1.3 percentage points of GDP more on education than low-income countries, although the latter dedicate 4.4 percentage points more of their total government expenditure to education.

Scale of Crisis

UNESCO’s 2023 data shows that sub-Saharan Africa is home to 40% of the world’s out-of-school children. In 2022, 57 million primary-aged children were not attending school in the region. The gender disparity is also troubling, with UNICEF noting that girls in some parts of Africa are 1.5 times more likely to be excluded from education than boys.

The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this crisis, with over 250 million children out of school at the peak of the pandemic across Africa. Teachers faced the challenge of adapting to remote learning with limited resources. However, despite these obstacles, African teachers have shown remarkable resilience and creativity, ensuring children remained engaged in learning.

Teachers as Agents of Change

African teachers are far more than classroom instructors; they are community leaders, carers, and advocates for children’s rights. Many teachers in remote areas travel long distances to reach their schools, often lacking adequate transportation, technology, and teaching materials. In conflict zones, teachers continue to work despite risks posed by violence and political instability. In regions such as the Sahel, where extremist groups have caused widespread disruption, teachers risk their lives to ensure education continues, making them true agents of change.

In Kenya’s Dadaab and Kakuma refugee camps, teachers—many of whom are refugees themselves—provide education to thousands of displaced children. These teachers play a crucial role in helping children who have fled war and persecution rebuild their lives through education. Their efforts have led to commendable results; UNICEF reports that enrolment rates in Kakuma’s primary schools have increased by over 40% since 2015, despite the camp’s growing population.

Similarly, in Nigeria, which has the highest number of out-of-school children globally, estimated at 20 million, teachers have been central to bringing students back into the classroom. Through initiatives such as the Nigerian government’s “Better Education Service Delivery for All” programme, which funds teacher training and community outreach, over 1 million out-of-school children were enrolled in school between 2018 and 2023.

Innovations in Education

To tackle Africa’s diverse educational challenges, many teachers are leading innovative programmes. These include mobile schools, community-based education initiatives, and literacy campaigns aimed at reaching rural and nomadic communities. Ethiopia, for example, has introduced mobile schools in pastoralist areas, allowing teachers to travel with migrating communities, ensuring that children’s education is not interrupted.

In Uganda, the government, with support from UNESCO and the Global Partnership for Education, launched the “Teacher Changemakers” programme in 2022. This initiative equips teachers with digital skills to improve literacy through technology. More than 10,000 teachers have been trained so far, reaching 1 million students. Early literacy rates among the program’s participants have increased by 15% within just one year, according to UNESCO.

The Need for Investment in Teachers

The World Bank estimates that Africa will need 17 million additional teachers by 2030 to meet the growing demand for education, driven by the continent’s rapidly increasing youth population, which is projected to reach 1 billion by 2055. Investing in teachers is critical to closing this gap.

According to UNESCO, teachers in sub-Saharan Africa earn on average less than $200 a month, with many rural teachers making far less. This low pay, combined with poor working conditions, has resulted in high attrition rates among teachers.

The Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report estimates that achieving national targets for for Sustainable Development Goal 4 (inclusive and equitable quality education) in low- and lower-middle-income countries will require an annual financing gap of USD 97 billion between 2023 and 2030. To address this, education spending must increase from around 40% of total spending in 2023 to 50% by 2030, excluding tertiary education, which would increase costs further.

Despite these challenges, teachers remain central to Africa’s development. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) argues that achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4 (ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education) requires urgent action to improve teacher training, working conditions, and remuneration. The UN estimates that global funding for education must increase by $39 billion annually to achieve universal primary and secondary education by 2030, with a significant portion directed to sub-Saharan Africa.

Advocates for Equity and Inclusion

Teachers are also crucial in addressing gender inequality in education. In Africa, girls are often kept out of school due to cultural norms, early marriage, and household responsibilities. Teachers, especially female educators, are instrumental in advocating for girls’ education and breaking down barriers that prevent their attendance. In Senegal and Mali for instance, teachers partner with local NGOs to conduct community outreach programmes that shift societal views of girl child education.

In addition, teachers have been making efforts in promoting inclusive education for children with disabilities.  Inclusive education policies in Rwanda has trained teachers to support disabled children, resulting in a 25% increase in their enrolment in primary schools over the last five years, according to Rwanda’s Ministry of Education.

A Call to Action

The dedication of African teachers is important to reversing the continent’s education crisis, but they cannot do it alone. Governments, international organisations, and civil society must support teachers through increased funding, training, and policies that prioritise education for all children, particularly those in vulnerable communities.

Initiatives such as the African Union’s Continental Education Strategy for Africa (CESA) and the UN’s Global Education Coalition represent positive steps. However, much more is needed to ensure that every African child has access to quality education.

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